The Project Gutenberg EBook of History Of Friedrich II. of Prussia, Vol.
VIII. (of XXI.), by Thomas Carlyle

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org


Title: History Of Friedrich II. of Prussia, Vol. VIII. (of XXI.)
       Frederick The Great--Crown-Prince Reprieved: Life At
       Custrin--November, 1730-February, 1732

Author: Thomas Carlyle

Posting Date: June 13, 2008 [EBook #2108]
Release Date: March 2000

Language: English

Character set encoding: ASCII

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF FRIEDRICH II. ***




Produced by D.R. Thompson





HISTORY OF FRIEDRICH II. OF PRUSSIA

FREDERICK THE GREAT

By Thomas Carlyle

Volume VII.





BOOK VIII. -- CROWN-PRINCE REPRIEVED: LIFE AT CUSTRIN -- November,
1730-February, 1732.




Chapter I. -- CHAPLAIN MULLER WAITS ON THE CROWN-PRINCE.

Friedrich's feelings at this juncture are not made known to us by
himself in the least; or credibly by others in any considerable degree.
As indeed in these confused Prussian History-Books, copulent in
nugatory pedantisms and learned marine-stores, all that is human remains
distressingly obscure to us; so seldom, and then only as through endless
clouds of ever-whirling idle dust, can we catch the smallest direct
feature of the young man, and of his real demeanor or meaning, on the
present or other occasions! But it is evident this last phenomenon
fell upon him like an overwhelming cataract; crushed him down under the
immensity of sorrow, confusion and despair; his own death not a theory
now, but probably a near fact,--a welcome one in wild moments, and then
anon so unwelcome. Frustrate, bankrupt, chargeable with a friend's lost
life, sure enough he, for one, is: what is to become of him? Whither
is he to turn, thoroughly beaten, foiled in all his enterprises? Proud
young soul as he was: the ruling Powers, be they just, be they unjust,
have proved too hard for him! We hear of tragic vestiges still traceable
of Friedrich, belonging to this time: texts of Scripture quoted by
him, pencil-sketches of his drawing; expressive of a mind dwelling
in Golgothas, and pathetically, not defiantly, contemplating the very
worst.

Chaplain Muller of the Gens-d'Armes, being found a pious and intelligent
man, has his orders not to return at once from Custrin; but to stay
there, and deal with the Prince, on that horrible Predestination topic
and his other unexampled backslidings which have ended so. Muller stayed
accordingly, for a couple of weeks, intensely busy on the Predestination
topic, and generally in assuaging, and mutually mollifying, paternal
Majesty and afflicted Son. In all which he had good success; and
especially on the Predestination point was triumphantly successful.
Muller left a little Book in record of his procedures there; which,
had it not been bound over to the official tone, might have told us
something. His Correspondence with the King, during those two weeks, has
likewise been mostly printed; [Forster, i. 376-379.] and is of course
still more official,--teaching us next to nothing, except poor Friedrich
Wilhelm's profoundly devotional mood, anxieties about "the claws of
Satan" and the like, which we were glad to hear of above. In Muller
otherwise is small help for us.

But, fifty years afterwards, there was alive a Son of this Muller's; an
innocent Country Parson, not wanting in sense, and with much simplicity
and veracity; who was fished out by Nicolai, and set to recalling what
his Father used to say of this adventure, much the grandest of his
life. In Muller Junior's Letter of Reminiscences to Nicolai we find some
details, got from his Father, which are worth gleaning:--

"When my Father first attempted, by royal order, to bring the
Crown-Prince to acknowledgment and repentance of the fault committed,
Crown-Prince gave this excuse or explanation: 'As his Father could
not endure the sight of him, he had meant to get out of the way of his
displeasure, and go to a Court with which his Father was in friendship
and relationship,'"--clearly indicating England, think the Mullers
Junior and Senior.

"For proof that the intention was towards England this other
circumstance serves, that the one confidant--Herr van Keith, if I
mistake not [no, you don't mistake], had already bespoken a ship for
passage out."--Here is something still more unexpected:--

"My Father used to say, he found an excellent knowledge and conviction
of the truths of religion in the Crown-Prince. By the Prince's
arrangement, my Father, who at first lodged with the Commandant, had
to take up his quarters in the room right above the Prince; who daily,
often as early as six in the morning, rapped on the ceiling for him to
come down; and then they would dispute and discuss, sometimes half-days
long, about the different tenets of the Christian Sects;--and my Father
said, the Prince was perfectly at home in the Polemic Doctrines of the
Reformed (Calvinistic) Church, even to the minutest points. As my Father
brought him proofs from Scripture, the Prince asked him one time, How he
could keep chapter and verse so exactly in his memory? Father drew from
his pocket a little Hand-Concordance, and showed it him as one help.
This he had to leave with the Prince for some days. On getting it back,
he found inside on the fly-leaf, sketched in pencil,"--what is rather
notable to History,--"the figure of a man on his knees, with two swords
hanging crosswise over his head; and at the bottom these words of Psalm
Seventy-third (verses 25, 26), _Whom have I in Heaven but thee? And
there is none upon earth that I desire besides thee. My flesh and my
heart fainteth and faileth; but God is the strength of my heart, and my
portion forever."_--Poor Friedrich, this is a very unexpected pen-sketch
on his part; but an undeniable one; betokening abstruse night-thoughts
and forebodings in the present juncture!--

"Whoever considers this fine knowledge of religion, and reflects on
the peculiar character and genius of the young Herr, which was ever
struggling towards light and clearness (for at that time he had not
become indifferent to religion, he often prayed with my Father on his
knees),--will find that it was morally impossible this young Prince
could have thought [as some foolish persons have asserted] of throwing
himself into the arms of Papal Superstition [seeking help at Vienna,
marrying an Austrian Archduchess, and I know not what] or allow the
intrigues of Catholic Priests to"--Oh no, Herr Muller, nobody but very
foolish persons could imagine such a thing of this young Herr.

"When my Father, Herr von Katte's execution being ended, hastened to the
Crown-Prince; he finds him miserably ill (SEHR ALTERIRT); advises him to
take a cooling-powder in water, both which materials were ready on the
table. This he presses on him: but the Prince always shakes his head."
Suspects poison, you think? "Hereupon my Father takes from his pocket a
paper, in which he carried cooling-powder for his own use; shakes out
a portion of it into his hand, and so into his mouth; and now the
Crown-Prince grips at my Father's powder, and takes that." Privately to
be made away with; death resolved upon in some way! thinks the desperate
young man? [Nicolai, _Anekdoten,_ vi. 183-189.]

That scene of Katte's execution, and of the Prince's and other people's
position in regard to it, has never yet been humanly set forth,
otherwise the response had been different. Not humanly set forth,--and
so was only barked at, as by the infinitude of little dogs, in all
countries; and could never yet be responded to in austere VOX HUMANA,
deep as a DE PROFUNDIS, terrible as a Chorus of AEschylus,--for in
effect that is rather the character of it, had the barking once pleased
to cease. "King of Prussia cannot sleep," writes Dickens: "the officers
sit up with him every night, and in his slumbers he raves and talks
of spirits and apparitions." [Despatch, 3d October, 1730.] We saw him,
ghost-like, in the night-time, gliding about, seeking shelter with
Feekin against ghosts; Ginkel by daylight saw him, now clad in
thunderous tornado, and anon in sorrowful fog. Here, farther on, is a
new item,--and joined to it and the others, a remarkable old one:--

"In regard to Wilhelmina's marriage, and whether a Father cannot give
his daughter in wedlock to whom he pleases, there have been eight
Divines consulted, four Lutheran, four Reformed (Calvinist); who, all
but one [he of the Garrison Church, a rhadamanthine fellow in serge],
have answered, 'No, your Majesty!' It is remarkable that his Majesty
has not gone to bed sober for this month past." [Dickens, 9th and 19th
December, 1730.]

What Seckendorf and Grumkow thought of all these phenomena? They have
done their job too well. They are all for mercy; lean with their
whole weight that way,--in black qualms, one of them withal, thinking
tremulously to himself, "What if his now Majesty were to die upon us, in
the interim!"




Chapter II. -- CROWN-PRINCE TO REPENT AND NOT PERISH.

In regard to Friedrich, the Court-Martial needs no amendment from
the King; the sentence on Friedrich, a Lieutenant-Colonel guilty of
desertion, is, from President and all members except two, Death as by
law. The two who dissented, invoking royal clemency and pardon, were
Major-Generals by rank,--Schwerin, as some write, one of them, or if not
Schwerin, then Linger; and for certain, Donhof,--two worthy gentlemen
not known to any of my readers, nor to me, except as names, The rest are
all coldly of opinion that the military code says Death. Other codes and
considerations may say this and that, which it is not in their province
to touch upon; this is what the military code says: and they leave it
there.

The Junius Brutus of a Royal Majesty had answered in his own heart
grimly, Well then! But his Councillors, Old Dessauer, Grumkow,
Seckendorf, one and all interpose vehemently. "Prince of the Empire,
your Majesty, not a Lieutenant-Colonel only! Must not, cannot;"--nay
good old Buddenbrock, in the fire of still unsuccessful pleading, tore
open his waistcoat: "If your Majesty requires blood, take mine; that
other you shall never get, so long as I can speak!" Foreign Courts
interpose; Sweden, the Dutch; the English in a circuitous way, round
by Vienna to wit; finally the Kaiser himself sends an Autograph; [Date,
11th October, 1730 (Forster, i. 380).] for poor Queen Sophie has applied
even to Seckendorf, will be friends with Grumkow himself, and in her
despair is knocking at every door. Junius Brutus is said to have
had paternal affections withal. Friedrich Wilhelm, alone against the
whispers of his own heart and the voices of all men, yields at last in
this cause. To Seckendorf, who has chalked out a milder didactic plan of
treatment, still rigorous enough, [His Letter to the King, 1st November,
1730 (in Forster, i. 375, 376).] he at last admits that such plan is
perhaps good; that the Kaiser's Letter has turned the scale with him;
and the didactic method, not the beheading one, shall be tried. That
Donhof and Schwerin, with their talk of mercy, with "their eyes upon
the Rising Sun," as is evident, have done themselves no good, and shall
perhaps find it so one day. But that, at any rate, Friedrich's life
is spared; Katte's execution shall suffice in that kind. Repentance,
prostrate submission and amendment,--these may do yet more for the
prodigal, if he will in heart return. These points, some time before the
8th of November, we find to be as good as settled.

The unhappy prodigal is in no condition to resist farther. Chaplain
Muller had introduced himself with Katte's dying admonition to the
Crown-Prince to repent and submit. Chaplain Muller, with his wholesome
cooling-powders, with his ghostly counsels, and considerations of
temporal and eternal nature,--we saw how he prospered almost beyond
hope. Even on Predestination, and the real nature of Election by Free
Grace, all is coming right, or come, reports Muller. The Chaplain's
Reports, Friedrich Wilhelm's grimly mollified Responses on the same:
they are written, and in confused form have been printed; but shall
be spared the English reader. And Grumkow has been out at Custrin,
preaching to the same purport from other texts: Grumkow, with the
thought ever present to him, "What if Friedrich Wilhelm should die?"
is naturally an eloquent preacher. Enough, it has been settled (perhaps
before the day of Katte's death, or at the latest three days after it,
as we can see), That if the Prince will, and can with free conscience,
take an Oath ("no mental reservation," mark you!) of contrite
repentance, of perfect prostrate submission, and purpose of future
entire obedience and conformity to the paternal mind in all things,
"GNADENWAHL" included,--the paternal mind may possibly relax his durance
a little, and put him gradually on proof again. [King's Letter to
Muller, 8th November (Forster, i. 379).]

Towards which issue, as Chaplain Muller reports, the Crown-Prince is
visibly gravitating, with all his weight and will. The very GNADENWAHL
is settled; the young soul (truly a lover of Truth, your Majesty) taps
on his ceiling, my floor being overhead, before the winter sun rises,
as a signal that I must come down to him; so eager to have error and
darkness purged away. Believes himself, as I believe him, ready to
undertake that Oath; desires, however, to see it first, that he may
maturely study every clause of it.--Say you verily so? answers Majesty.
And MAY my ursine heart flow out again, and blubber gratefully over a
sinner saved, a poor Son plucked as brand from the burning?"God, the
Most High, give His blessing on it, then!" concludes the paternal
Majesty: "And as He often, by wondrous guidances, strange paths and
thorny steps, will bring men into the Kingdom of Christ, so may
our Divine Redeemer help that this prodigal son be brought into His
communion. That his godless heart be beaten till it is softened and
changed; and so he be snatched from the claws of Satan. This grant us
the Almighty God and Father, for our Lord Jesus Christ and His passion
and death's sake! Amen!--I am, for the rest, your well-affectioned King,
FRIEDRICH WILHELM (WUSTERHAUSEN, 8th NOVEMBER, 1730)." [Forster, i.
379.]




CROWN-PRINCE BEGINS A NEW COURSE.

It was Monday, 6th November, when poor Katte died. Within a fortnight,
on the second Sunday after, there has a Select Commission, Grumkow,
Borck, Buddenbrock, with three other Soldiers, and the Privy Councillor
Thulmeyer, come out to Custrin: there and then, Sunday, November 19th,
[Nicolai, exactest of men, only that Documents were occasionally less
accessible in his time, gives (ANEKDOTEN, vi. 187), "Saturday, November
25th," as the day of the Oath; but, no doubt, the later inquirers,
Preuss (i. 56) and others, have found him wrong in this small instance.]
these Seven, with due solemnity, administer the Oath (terms of Oath
conceivable by readers); Friedrich being found ready. He signs the Oath,
as well as audibly swears it: whereupon his sword is restored to him,
and his prison-door opened. He steps forth to the Town Church with his
Commissioners; takes the sacrament; listens, with all Custrin, to an
illusive Sermon on the subject; "text happily chosen, preacher handling
it well." Text was Psalm Seventy-seventh, verse eleventh (tenth of our
English version), _And I said, This is my infirmity; but I will remember
the years of the right hand of the Host High;_ or, as Luther's version
more intelligibly gives it, _This I have to suffer; the right hand of
the Most High can change all._ Preacher (not Muller but another) rose
gradually into didactic pathos; Prince, and all Custrin, were weeping,
or near weeping, at the close of the business. [Preuss, i. 56.]

Straight from Church the Prince is conducted, not to the Fortress, but
to a certain Town Mansion, which he is to call his own henceforth, under
conditions: an erring Prince half liberated, and mercifully put on proof
again. His first act here is to write, of his own composition, or helped
by some official hand, this Letter to his All-serenest Papa; which must
be introduced, though, except to readers of German who know the "DERE"
(TheirO), "ALLERDURCHLAUCHTIGSTER," and strange pipe-clay solemnity
of the Court-style, it is like to be in great part lost in any
translation:--

"CUSTRIN, 19th November, 1730.

"ALL-SERENEST AND ALL-GRACIOUSEST FATHER,--To your Royal Majesty, my
All-graciousest Father, have,"--I.E. "I have," if one durst write the
"I,"--"by my disobedience as TheirO [YourO] subject and soldier, not
less than by my undutifulness as TheirO Son, given occasion to a just
wrath and aversion against me. With the All-obedientest respect I submit
myself wholly to the grace of my most All-gracious Father; and beg him,
Most All-graciously to pardon me; as it is not so much the withdrawal of
my liberty in a sad arrest (MALHEUREUSEN ARREST), as my own thoughts of
the fault I have committed, that have brought me to reason: Who, with
all-obedientest respect and submission, continue till my end,

"My All-graciousest King's and Father's faithfully obedientest Servant
and Son,

"FRIEDRICH."

[Preuss, i. 56, 57; and Anonymous, _Friedrichs des Grossen Briefe an
seinen Vater_ (Berlin, Posen und Bromberg, 1838), p. 3.]

This new House of Friedrich's in the little Town of Custrin, he finds
arranged for him on rigorously thrifty principles, yet as a
real Household of his own; and even in the form of a Court, with
Hofmarschall, Kammerjunkers, and the other adjuncts;--Court reduced to
its simplest expression, as the French say, and probably the cheapest
that was ever set up. Hafmarschall (Court-marshal) is one Wolden, a
civilian Official here. The Kammerjunkers are Rohwedel and Natzmer;
Matzmer Junior, son of a distinguished Feldmarschall: "a good-hearted
but foolish forward young fellow," says Wilhelmina; "the failure of a
coxcomb (PETIT-MAITRE MANQUE)." For example, once, strolling about in
a solemn Kaiser's Soiree in Vienna, he found in some quiet corner the
young Duke of Lorraine, Franz, who it is thought will be the divine
Maria Theresa's husband, and Kaiser himself one day. Foolish Natzmer
found this noble young gentleman in a remote corner of the Soiree; went
up, nothing loath, to speak graciosities and insipidities to him: the
noble young gentleman yawned, as was too natural, a wide long yawn;
and in an insipid familiar manner, foolish Natzmer (Wilhelmina and the
Berlin circles know it) put his finger into the noble young gentleman's
mouth, and insipidly wagged it there. "Sir, you seem to forget where
you are!" said the noble young gentleman; and closing his mouth with
emphasis, turned away; but happily took no farther notice. [Wilhelmina,
i. 310.] This is all we yet know of the history of Natzmer, whose
heedless ways and slap-dash speculations, tinted with natural ingenuity
and good-humor, are not unattractive to the Prince.

Hofmarschall and these two Kammerjunkers are of the lawyer species; men
intended for Official business, in which the Prince himself is now to
be occupied. The Prince has four lackeys, two pages, one valet. He wears
his sword, but has no sword-tash (PORTE EPEE), much less an officer's
uniform: a mere Prince put upon his good behavior again; not yet a
soldier of the Prussian Army, only hoping to become so again. He wears
a light-gray dress, "HECHTGRAUER (pike-gray) frock with narrow silver
cordings;" and must recover his uniform, by proving himself gradually a
new man.

For there is, along with the new household, a new employment laid out
for him in Custrin; and it shall be seen what figure he makes in that,
first of all. He is to sit in the DOMANEN-KAMMER or Government Board
here, as youngest Rath; no other career permitted. Let him learn
Economics and the way of managing Domain Lands (a very principal item of
the royal revenues in this Country): humble work, but useful; which he
had better see well how he will do. Two elder Raths are appointed to
instruct him in the Economic Sciences and Practices, if he show faculty
and diligence;--which in fact he turns out to do, in a superior degree,
having every motive to try.

This kind of life lasted with him for the next fifteen months, all
through the year 1731 and farther; and must have been a very singular,
and was probably a highly instructive year to him, not in the Domain
Sciences alone. He is left wholly to himself. All his fellow-creatures,
as it were, are watching him. Hundred-eyed Argus, or the Ear of
Dionysius, that is to say, Tobacco-Parliament with its spies and
reporters,--no stirring of his finger can escape it here. He has
much suspicion to encounter: Papa looking always sadly askance, sadly
incredulous, upon him. He is in correspondence with Grumkow; takes
much advice from Grumkow (our prompter-general, president in the
Dionysius'-Ear, and not an ill-wisher farther); professes much
thankfulness to Grumkow, now and henceforth. Thank you for flinging me
out of the six-story window, and catching me by the coat-skirts!--Left
altogether to himself, as we said; has in the whole Universe nothing
that will save him but his own good sense, his own power of discovering
what is what, and of doing what will be behooveful therein.

He is to quit his French literatures and pernicious practices, one and
all. His very flute, most innocent "Princess," as he used to call his
flute in old days, is denied him ever since he came to Custrin;--but by
degrees he privately gets her back, and consorts much with her; wails
forth, in beautiful adagios, emotions for which there is no other
utterance at present. He has liberty of Custrin and the neighborhood;
out of Custrin he is not to lodge, any night, without leave had of the
Commandant. Let him walk warily; and in good earnest study to become a
new creature, useful for something in the Domain Sciences and otherwise.




Chapter III. -- WILHELMINA IS TO WED THE PRINCE OF BAIREUTH.

Crown-Prince Friedrich being settled so far, his Majesty takes up the
case of Wilhelmina, the other ravelled skein lying on hand. Wilhelmina
has been prisoner in her Apartment at Berlin all this while: it is
proper Wilhelmina be disposed of; either in wedlock, filially obedient
to the royal mind; or in some much sterner way, "within four walls," it
is whispered, if disobedient.

Poor Wilhelmina never thought of disobeying her parents: only, which of
them to obey? King looks towards the Prince of Baireuth again, agreed on
before those hurly-burlies now past; Queen looks far otherwards. Queen
Sophie still desperately believes in the English match for Wilhelmina;
and has subterranean correspondences with that Court; refusing to
see that the negotiation is extinct there. Grumkow himself, so
over-victorious in his late task, is now heeling towards England;
"sincere in his wish to be well with us," thinks Dickens: Grumkow
solaces her Majesty with delusive hopes in the English quarter: "Be
firm, child; trust in my management; only swear to me, on your eternal
salvation, that never, on any compulsion, will you marry another than
the Prince of Wales;--give me that oath!" [Wilhelmina, i. 314.] Such
was Queen Sophie's last proposal to Wilhelmina,--night of the 27th of
January, 1731, as is computable,--her Majesty to leave for Potsdam
on the morrow. They wept much together that night, but Wilhelmina
dexterously evaded the oath, on a religious ground. Prince of Baireuth,
whom Papa may like or may not like, has never yet personally made
appearance: who or what will make appearance, or how things can or will
turn, except a bad road, is terribly a mystery to Wilhelmina.

What with chagrin and confinement, what with bad diet (for the very diet
is bad, quality and quantity alike unspeakable), Wilhelmina sees herself
"reduced to a skeleton;" no company but her faithful Sonsfeld, no
employment but her Books and Music;--struggles, however, still to keep
heart. One day, it is in February, 1731, as I compute, they are sitting,
her Sonsfeld and she, at their sad mess of so-called dinner, in their
remote upper story of the Berlin Schloss, tramp of sentries the one
thing audible; and were "looking mournfully at one another, with nothing
to eat but a soup of salt and water, and a ragout of old bones full of
hairs and slopperies [nothing else; that was its real quality, whatever
fine name they might give it, says the vehement Princess], we heard a
sharp tapping at the window; and started up in surprise, to see what it
could be. It was a raven, carrying in its beak a bit of bread, which it
left on the window-sill, and flew away." [Ib. i. 316.]

"Tears came into our eyes at this adventure." Are we become as Hebrew
Elijahs, then; so that the wild ravens have to bring us food? Truth is,
there was nothing miraculous, as Wilhelmina found by and by. It was a
tame raven,--not the soul of old George I., which lives at Isleworth on
good pensions; but the pet raven of a certain Margravine, which lost
its way among the intricate roofs here. But the incident was touching.
"Well," exclaimed Wilhelmina, "in the Roman Histories I am now reading,
it is often said those creatures betoken good luck." All Berlin, such
the appetite for gossip, and such the famine of it in Berlin at present,
talked of this minute event: and the French Colony--old Protestant
Colony, practical considerate people--were so struck by it, they brought
baskets of comfortable things to us, and left them daily, as if by
accident, on some neutral ground, where the maid could pick them up,
sentries refusing to see unless compelled. Which fine procedure has
attached Wilhelmina to the French nation ever since, as a dexterous
useful people, and has given her a disposition to help them where she
could.

The omen of the raven did not at once bring good luck: however, it did
chance to be the turning-point, solstice of this long Greenland winter;
after which, amid storms and alarms, daylight came steadily nearer.
Storms and alarms: for there came rumors of quarrels out at Potsdam,
quarrels on the old score between the Royal Spouses there; and frightful
messages, through one Eversmann, an insolent royal lackey, about wedding
Weissenfels, about imprisonment for life and other hard things; through
all which Wilhelmina studied to keep her poor head steady, and answer
with dignity yet discreetly. On the other hand, her Sisters are
permitted to visit her, and perceptible assuagements come. At length, on
the 11th of May, there came solemn Deputation, Borck, Grumkow, Thulmeyer
in it, old real friends and pretended new; which set poor Wilhelmina
wringing her hands (having had a Letter from Mamma overnight); but did
bring about a solution. It was Friday, 11th of May; a day of crisis in
Wilhelmina's history; Queen commanding one thing, King another, and the
hour of decision come.

Entering, announcing themselves, with dreadful solemnity, these
gentlemen, Grumkow the spokesman, in soft phrase, but with strict
clearness, made it apparent to her, That marry she must,--the Hereditary
Prince of Baireuth,--and without the consent of both her parents, which
was unattainable at present, but peremptorily under the command of one
of them, whose vote was the supreme. Do this (or even say that you will
do it, whisper some of the well-affected), his Majesty's paternal
favor will return upon you like pent waters;--and the Queen will surely
reconcile herself (or perhaps turn it all her own way yet! whisper the
well-affected). Refuse to do it, her Majesty, your Royal Brother, you
yourself Royal Highness, God only knows what the unheard-of issue
will be for you all! Do it, let us advise you: you must, you
must!--Wilhelmina wrung her hands; ran distractedly to and fro; the
well-affected whispering to her, the others "conversing at a window." At
length she did it. Will marry whom her all-gracious Papa appoints; never
wished or meant the least disobedience; hopes, beyond all things, his
paternal love will now return, and make everybody blessed;--and oh,
reconcile Mamma to me, ye well-affected! adds she.--Bravissimo! answer
they: her Majesty, for certain, will reconcile herself; Crown-Prince get
back from Custrin, and all will be well. [Wilhelmina, i. 327-333.]

Friedrich Wilhelm was overjoyed; Queen Sophie Dorothee was in despair.
With his Majesty, who "wept" like a paternal bear, on re-embracing
Wilhelmina the obedient some days hence, it became a settled point, and
was indicated to Wilhelmina as such, That the Crown-Prince would, on
her actual wedding, probably get back from Custrin. But her Majesty's
reconcilement,--this was very slow to follow. Her Majesty was still in
flames of ire at their next interview; and poor Wilhelmina fainted, on
approaching to kiss her hand. "Disgraced, vanquished, and my enemies
triumphing!" said her Majesty; and vented her wrath on Wilhelmina; and
fell ill (so soon as there was leisure), ill, like to die, and said,
"Why pretend to weep, when it is you that have killed me!"--and indeed
was altogether hard, bitter, upon the poor Princess; a chief sorrow to
her in these trying months. Can there be such wrath in celestial minds,
venting itself so unreasonably?--At present there is no leisure for
illness; grand visitors in quantity have come and are coming; and the
Court is brilliant exceedingly;--his Majesty blazing out into the due
magnificence, which was very great on this occasion, domestic matters
looking up with him again. The Serenities of Brunswick are here, young
and old; much liked by Friedrich Wilhelm; and almost reckoned family
people,--ever since their Eldest Son was affianced to the Princess
Charlotte here, last visit they made. To Princess Charlotte,
Wilhelmina's second junior,--mischievous, coquettish creature she,
though very pretty and insinuating, who seems to think her Intended
rather a phlegmatic young gentleman, as Wilhelmina gradually discovers.
Then there is old Duke Eberhard Ludwig, of Wurtemberg, whom we saw at
Ludwigsburg last year, in an intricate condition with his female world
and otherwise, he too announces himself,--according to promise then
given. Old Duke Eberhard Ludwig comes, stays three weeks in great
splendor of welcome;--poor old gentleman, his one son is now dead; and
things are getting earnest with him. On his return home, this time, he
finds, according to order, the foul witch Gravenitz duly cleared away;
reinstates his injured Duchess, with the due feelings, better late than
never; and dies in a year or two, still childless.--

These are among the high guests at Berlin; and there are plenty of
others whom we do not name. Magnificent dining; with "six-and-twenty
blackamoors," high-colored creatures, marching up the grand staircase,
round the table, round it, and then down again, melodious, doing
"janizary music," if you happen to prefer that kind;--trained creatures
these blackamoors, all got when boys, and set to cymballing and fifing
betimes, adds my authority. [Fassmann, p. 726, &c.] Dining, boar-hunting
(if the boar be huntable), especially reviewing, fail not in those fine
summer days.

One evening, it is Sunday, 27th of May, latish, while the high guests,
with Queen and Wilhelmina, are just passing in to supper (King's
Majesty having "gone to bed at seven," to be well astir for the
review to-morrow), a sound of wheels is heard in the court. Modest
travelling-equipage rolls up into the inner court; to the foot of the
grand staircase there, whither only Princes come:--who can it be?
The Queen sends to inquire. Heavens, it is the Hereditary Prince of
Baireuth! "Medusa's Head never produced such effect as did this bit
of news: Queen sat petrified; and I," by reflex, was petrified too!
Wilhelmina passed the miserablest night, no wink of sleep; and felt
quite ill in the morning;--in dread, too, of Papa's rough jests,--and
wretched enough. She had begged much, last night! to be excused from
the review. But that could not be: "I must go," said the Queen after
reflection, "and you with me." Which they did;--and diversified the pomp
and circumstance of mock-war by a small unexpected scene.

Queen, Princess and the proper Dames had, by his Majesty's order, to
pass before the line: Princess in much trouble, "with three caps huddled
on me, to conceal myself," poor soul. Margraf of Schwedt, at the head
of his regiment, "looked swollen with rage," high hopes gone in this
manner;--and saluted us with eyes turned away. As for his Mother, the
Dessau Margravine in high colors, she was "blue in the face" all day.
Lines passed, and salutations done, her Majesty and Dames withdrew to
the safe distance, to look on:--Such a show, for pomp and circumstance,
Wilhelmina owns, as could not be equalled in the world. Such wheeling,
rhythmic coalescing and unfolding; accurate as clock-work, far and wide;
swift big column here, hitting swift big column there, at the appointed
place and moment; with their volleyings and trumpeting, bright uniforms
and streamers and field-music,--in equipment and manoeuvre perfect all,
to the meanest drummer or black kettle-drummer:--supreme drill-sergeant
playing on the thing, as on his huge piano, several square miles in
area! Comes of the Old Dessauer, all this; of the "equal step;" of
the abstruse meditations upon tactics, in that rough head of his. Very
pretty indeed.--But in the mean while an Official steps up: cap in hand,
approaches the Queen's carriage; says, He is ordered to introduce
his Highness the Prince of Baireuth. Prince comes up accordingly; a
personable young fellow; intelligent-looking, self-possessed; makes
obeisance to her Majesty, who answers in frosty politeness; and--and
Wilhelmina, faint, fasting, sleepless all night, fairly falls aswoon.
Could not be helped: and the whole world saw it; and Guy Dickens and
the Diplomatists wrote home about it, and there rose rumor and gossip
enough! [Dickens, of 2d June, 1731 (in pathetic terms); Wilhelmina, i.
341 (without pathos).] But that was the naked truth of it: hot weather,
agitation, want of sleep, want of food; not aversion to the Hereditary
Prince, nothing of that. Rather the contrary, indeed; and, on better
acquaintance, much the contrary. For he proved a very rational,
honorable and eligible young Prince: modest, honest, with abundance of
sense and spirit; kind too and good, hot temper well kept, temper hot
not harsh; quietly holds his own in all circles; good discourse in him,
too, and sharp repartee if requisite,--though he stammered somewhat in
speaking. Submissive Wilhelmina feels that one might easily have had a
worse husband. What glories for you in England! the Queen used to say
to her in old times: "He is a Prince, that Frederick, who has a good
heart, and whose genius is very small. Rather ugly than handsome;
slightly out of shape even (UN PEU CONTREFAIT). But provided you have
the complaisance to suffer his debaucheries, you will quite govern him;
and you will be more King than he, when once his Father is dead. Only
see what a part you will play! It will be you that decide on the weal or
woe of Europe, and give law to the Nation," [Wilhelmina, i. 143.]--in a
manner! Which Wilhelmina did not think a celestial prospect even then.
Who knows but, of all the offers she had, "four" or three "crowned
heads" among them, this final modest honest one may be intrinsically the
best? Take your portion, if inevitable, and be thankful!--

The Betrothal follows in about a week: Sunday, 3d June, 1731; with great
magnificence, in presence of the high guests and all the world: and
Wilhelmina is the affianced Bride of Friedrich of Baireuth:--and that
enormous Double-Marriage Tragi-comedy, of Much Ado about Nothing, is at
last ended. Courage, friends; all things do end!--

The high guests hereupon go their ways again; and the Court of Berlin,
one cannot but suppose, collapses, as after a great effort finished.
Do not Friedrich Wilhelm and innumerable persons--the readers and
the writer of this History included--feel a stone rolled off their
hearts?--It is now, and not till now, that Queen Sophie falls sick,
and like to die; and reproaches Wilhelmina with killing her. Friedrich
Wilhelm hopes confidently, not; waits out at Potsdam, for a few days,
till this killing danger pass; then departs, with double impetuosity,
for Preussen, and despatch of Public Business; such a mountain of
Domestic Business being victoriously got under.

Poor King, his life, this long while, has been a series of earthquakes
and titanic convulsions. Narrow miss he has had, of pulling down his
house about his ears, and burying self, son, wife, family and fortunes,
under the ruin-heap,--a monument to remote posterity. Never was such an
enchanted dance, of well-intentioned Royal Bear with poetic temperament,
piped to by two black-artists, for the Kaiser's and Pragmatic Sanction's
sake! Let Tobacco-Parliament also rejoice; for truly the play was
growing dangerous, of late. King and Parliament, we may suppose, return
to Public Business with double vigor.




Chapter IV. -- CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN PREUSSEN AND ELSEWHERE.

Not that his Majesty, while at the deepest in domestic intricacies,
ever neglects Public Business. This very summer he is raising Hussar
Squadrons; bent to introduce the Hussar kind of soldiery into his
Army;--a good deal of horse-breaking and new sabre-exercise needed for
that object. [Fassmann, pp. 417, 418.] The affairs of the Reich have at
no moment been out of his eye; glad to see the Kaiser edging round to
the Sea-Powers again, and things coming into their old posture, in spite
of that sad Treaty of Seville.

Nay, for the last two years, while the domestic volcanoes were at their
worst, his Majesty has been extensively dealing with a new question
which has risen, that of the SALZBURG PROTESTANTS; concerning which we
shall hear more anon. Far and wide, in the Diets and elsewhere, he has
been diligently, piously and with solid judgment, handling this question
of the poor Salzburgers; and has even stored up moneys in intended
solace of them (for he foresees what the end will be);--moneys which,
it appears about this time, a certain Official over in Preussen has been
peculating! In the end of June, his Majesty sets off to Preussen on
the usual Inspection Tour; which we should not mention, were it not in
regard to that same Official, and to something very rhadamanthine and
particular which befell him; significant of what his Majesty can do in
the way of prompt justice.




CASE OF SCHLUBHUT.

The Konigsberg Domain-Board (KRIEGS-UND DOMANEN-KAMMER) had fallen awry,
in various points, of late; several things known to be out-at-elbows in
that Country; the Kammer Raths evidently lax at their post; for which
reason they have been sharply questioned, and shaken by the collar, so
to speak. Nay there is one Rath, a so-called Nobleman of those parts, by
name Schlubhut, who has been found actually defaulting; peculating
from that pious hoard intended for the Salzburgers: he is proved, and
confesses, to have put into his own scandalous purse no less than 11,000
thalers, some say 30,000 (almost 5,000 pounds), which belonged to the
Public Treasury and the Salzburg Protestants! These things, especially
this latter unheard-of Schlubhut thing, the Supreme Court at Berlin
(CRIMINAL-COLLEGIUM) have been sitting on, for some time; and, in regard
to Schlubhut, they have brought out a result, which Friedrich Wilhelm
not a little admires at. Schlubhut clearly guilty of the defamation, say
they; but he has moneys, landed properties: let him refund, principal
and interest; and have, say, three or four years' imprisonment, by
way of memento. "Years' imprisonment? Refund? Is theft in the highest
quarters a thing to be let off for refunding?" growls his Majesty; and
will not confirm this sentence of his Criminal-Collegium; but leaves it
till he get to the spot, and see with his own eyes. Schlubhut, in arrest
or mild confinement all this while, ought to be bethinking himself more
than he is!

Once on the spot, judge if the Konigsberg Domain-Kammer had not a stiff
muster to pass; especially if Schlubhut's drill-exercise was gentle!
Schlubhut, summoned to private interview with his Majesty, carries his
head higher than could be looked for: Is very sorry; knows not how it
happened; meant always to refund; will refund, to the last penny, and
make all good.--"Refund? Does He (ER) know what stealing means, then?
How the commonest convicted private thief finds the gallows his portion;
much more a public Magistrate convicted of theft? Is He aware that He,
in a very especial manner, deserves hanging, then?"--Schlubhut looks
offended dignity; conscious of rank, if also of quasi-theft: "ES IST
NICHT MANIER (it is not the polite thing) to hang a Prussian Nobleman on
those light terms!" answers Schlubhut, high mannered at the wrong time:
"I can and will pay the money back!"--NOBLE-man? Money back? "I will
none of His scoundrelly money." To strait Prison with this SCHURKE!--And
thither he goes accordingly: unhappiest of mortals; to be conscious of
rank, not at the right place, when about to steal the money, but at the
wrong, when answering to Rhadamanthus on it!

And there, sure enough, Schlubhut lies, in his prison on the
SCHLOSSPLATZ, or Castle Square, of Konigsberg, all night; and hears,
close by the DOMANEN-KAMMER, which is in the same Square, DOMANEN-KAMMER
where his Office used to be, a terrible sound of carpentering go
on;--unhappiest of Prussian Noblemen. And in the morning, see, a high
gallows built; close in upon the Domain-Kammer, looking into the very
windows of it;--and there, sure enough, the unfortunate Schlubhut dies
the thief's death, few hours hence, speaking or thinking what, no man
reports to me. Death was certain for him; inevitable as fate. And so he
vibrates there, admonitory to the other Raths for days,--some say for
weeks,--till by humble petition they got the gallows removed. The
stumps of it, sawed close by the stones, were long after visible in that
Schlossplatz of Konigsberg. Here is prompt justice with a witness! Did
readers ever hear of such a thing? There is no doubt about the fact,
[Benekendorf (Anonymous), _Karakterzuge aus dem Leben Konig Friedrich
Wilhelm I._ (Berlin, 1788), vii. 15-20; Forster (ii. 268), &c. &c.]
though in all Prussian Books it is loosely smeared over, without the
least precision of detail; and it was not till after long searching
that I could so much as get it dated: July, 1731, while Friedrich
Crown-Prince is still in eclipse at Custrin, and some six weeks after
Wilhelmina's betrothal. And here furthermore, direct from the then
Schlubhut precincts, is a stray Note, meteorological chiefly; but worth
picking up, since it is authentic. "Wehlau," we observe, is on the road
homewards again,--on our return from uttermost Memel,--a day's journey
hitherwards of that place, half a day's thitherwards of Konigsberg:--

"TUESDAY, 10th JULY, 1731. King dining with General Dockum at
Wehlau,"--where he had been again reviewing, for about forty hours, all
manner of regiments brought to rendezvous there for the purpose, poor
"General Katte with his regiment" among them;--King at dinner with
General Dockum after all that, "took the resolution to be off to
Konigsberg; and arrived here at the stroke of midnight, in a deluge of
rain." This brings us within a day, or two days, of Schlubhut's death,
Terrible "combat of Bisons (URI, or AUEROCHSEN, with such manes, such
heads), of two wild Bisons against six wild Bears," then ensued; and the
Schlubhut human tragedy; I know not in what sequence,--rather conjecture
the Schlubhut had gone FIRST. Pillau, road to Dantzig, on the narrow
strip between the Frische Haf and Baltic, is the next stage homewards;
at Pillau, General Finkenstein (excellent old Tutor of the Crown-Prince)
is Commandant, and expects his rapid Majesty, day and hour given, to
me not known, Majesty goes in three carriages; Old Dessauer, Grumkow,
Seckendorf, Ginkel are among his suite; weather still very electric:--

"At Fischhausen, half-way to Pillau, Majesty had a bout of elk-hunting;
killed sixty elks [Melton-Mowbray may consider it],--creatures of the
deer sort, nimble as roes, but strong as bulls, and four palms higher
than the biggest horse,--to the astonishment of Seckendorf, Ginkel and
the strangers there. Half an hour short of Pillau, furious electricity
again; thunder-bolt shivered an oak-tree fifteen yards from Majesty's
carriage. And at Pillau itself, the Battalion in Garrison there, drawn
out in arms, by Count Finkenstein, to receive his Majesty [rain over
by this time, we can hope], had suddenly to rush forward and take new
ground; Frische Haf, on some pressure from the elements, having suddenly
gushed out, two hundred paces beyond its old watermark in that place."
[See Mauvillon, ii. 293-297;--CORRECTING by Fassmann, p. 422.]

Pillau, Fischhausen,--this is where the excellent old Adalbert stamped
the earth with his life "in the shape of a crucifix" eight hundred years
ago: and these are the new phenomena there!--The General Dockum, Colonel
of Dragoons, whom his Majesty dined with at Wehlau, got his death not
many months after. One of Dockum's Dragoon Lieutenants felt insulted at
something, and demanded his discharge: discharge given, he challenged
Dockum, duel of pistols, and shot him dead. [7th April, 1732
(_Militair-Lexikon,_ i. 365).] Nothing more to be said of Dockum, nor of
that Lieutenant, in military annals.




CASE OF THE CRIMINAL-COLLEGIUM ITSELF.

And thus was the error of the Criminal-Collegium rectified IN RE
Schlubhut. For it is not in name only, but in fact, that this Sovereign
is Supreme Judge, and bears the sword in God's stead,--interfering
now and then, when need is, in this terrible manner. In the same dim
authentic Benekendorf (himself a member of the Criminal-Collegium
in later times), and from him in all the Books, is recorded another
interference somewhat in the comic vein; which also we may give.
Undisputed fact, again totally without precision or details; not even
datable, except that, on study, we perceive it may have been before this
Schlubhut's execution, and after the Criminal-Collegium had committed
their error about him,--must have been while this of Schlubhut was still
vividly in mind; Here is the unprecise but indubitable fact, as the
Prussian Dryasdust has left us his smear of it:--

"One morning early" (might be before Schlubhut was hanged, and while
only sentence of imprisonment and restitution lay on him), General Graf
von Donhof, Colonel of a Musketeer Regiment, favorite old soldier,--who
did vote on the mild side in that Court-Martial on the Crown-Prince
lately; but I hope has been forgiven by his Majesty, being much esteemed
by him these long years past;--this Donhof, early one morning, calls
upon the King, with a grimly lamenting air. "What is wrong, Herr
General?"--"Your Majesty, my best musketeer, an excellent soldier, and
of good inches, fell into a mistake lately,--bad company getting round
the poor fellow; they, he among them, slipt into a house and stole
something; trifle and without violence: pay is but three halfpence, your
Majesty, and the Devil tempts men! Well, the Criminal-Collegium have
condemned him to be hanged; an excellent soldier and of good inches,
for that one fault. Nobleman Schlubhut was 'to make restitution,' they
decreed: that was their decree on Schlubhut, one of their own set; and
this poor soldier, six feet three, your Majesty, is to dance on the top
of nothing for a three-halfpenny matter!"--So would Donhof represent
the thing,--"fact being," says my Dryasdust, "it was a case of
house-breaking with theft to the value of 6,000 thalers and this
musketeer the ringleader!"--Well; but was Schlubhut sentenced
to hanging? Do you keep two weights and two measures, in that
Criminal-Collegium of yours, then?

Friedrich Wilhelm feels this sad contrast very much; the more, as the
soldier is his own chattel withal, and of superlative inches: Friedrich
Wilhelm flames up into wrath; sends off swift messengers to bring these
Judges, one and all instantly into his presence. The Judges are still in
their dressing-gowns, shaving, breakfasting; they make what haste
they can. So soon as the first three or four are reported to be in the
anteroom, Friedrich Wilhelm, in extreme impatience has them called in;
starts discoursing with them upon the two weights and two measures.
Apologies, subterfuges do but provoke him farther; it is not long till
he starts up, growling terribly: "IHR SCHURKEN (Ye Scoundrels), how
could you?" and smites down upon the crowns of them with the Royal
Cudgel itself. Fancy the hurry-scurry, the unforensic attitudes and
pleadings! Royal Cudgel rains blows, right and left: blood is drawn,
crowns cracked, crowns nearly broken; and "several Judges lost a few
teeth, and had their noses battered," before they could get out. The
second relay meeting them in this dilapidated state, on the staircases,
dashed home again without the honor of a Royal interview. [Benekendorf,
vii. 33; Forster, ii. 270.] Let them learn to keep one balance, and
one set of weights, in their Law-Court hence forth.--This is an actual
scene, of date Berlin, 1731, or thereby; unusual in the annals of
Themis. Of which no constitutional country can hope to see the fellow,
were the need never so pressing.--I wish his Majesty had been a thought
more equal, when he was so rhadamanthine! Schlubhut he hanged, Schlubhut
being only Schlubhut's chattel; this musketeer, his Majesty's own
chattel, he did not hang, but set him shouldering arms again, after some
preliminary dusting!--

His Majesty was always excessively severe on defalcations; any
Chancellor, with his Exchequer-bills gone wrong, would have fared ill
in that country. One Treasury dignitary, named Wilke (who had "dealt in
tall recruits," as a kind of by-trade, and played foul in some slight
measure), the King was clear for hanging; his poor Wife galloped to
Potsdam, shrieking mercy; upon which Friedrich Wilhelm had him whipt by
the hangman, and stuck for life into Spandau. Still more tragical--was
poor Hesse's case. Hesse, some domain Rath out at Konigsberg, concerned
with moneys, was found with account-books in a state of confusion,
and several thousands short, when the outcome was cleared up. What has
become of these thousands, Sir? Poor old Hesse could not tell: "God is
my witness, no penny of them eyer stuck to me," asseverated poor
old Hesse; "but where they are--? My account-books are in such a
state;--alas, and my poor old memory is not what it was!" They brought
him to Berlin; in the end they actually hanged the poor old soul;--and
then afterwards in his dusty lumber-rooms, hidden in pots, stuffed into
this nook and that, most or all of the money was found! [Forster (ii.
269), &c. &c.] Date and document exist for all these cases, though my
Dryasdust gives none; and the cases are indubitable; very rhadamanthine
indeed. The soft quality of mercy,--ah, yes, it is beautiful and
blessed, when permissible (though thrice-accursed, when not): but it is
on the hard quality of justice, first of all, that Empires are built up,
and beneficent and lasting things become achievable to mankind, in this
world!--




SKIPPER JENKINS IN THE GULF OF FLORIDA.

A couple of weeks before Schlubhut's death, the English Newspapers are
somewhat astir,--in the way of narrative merely, as yet. Ship Rebecca,
Captain Robert Jenkins Master, has arrived in the Port of London, with
a strange story in her log-book. Of which, after due sifting, this is
accurately the substance:--

"LONDON, 23d-27th JUNE, 1731. Captain Jenkins left this Port with the
Rebecca, several months ago; sailed to Jamaica, for a cargo of sugar.
He took in his cargo at Jamaica; put to sea again, 6th April, 1731, and
proceeded on the Voyage homewards; with indifferent winds for the first
fortnight. April 20th, with no wind or none that would suit, he was
hanging about in the entrance of the Gulf of Florida, not far from
the Havana,"--almost too near it, I should think; but these baffling
winds!--"not far from the Havana, when a Spanish Guarda-Costa hove in
sight; came down on Jenkins, and furiously boarded him: 'Scoundrel,
what do YOU want; contrabanding in these seas? Jamaica, say you? Sugar?
Likely! Let us see your logwood, hides, Spanish pieces-of-eight!' And
broke in upon Jenkins, ship and person, in a most extraordinary
manner. Tore up his hatches; plunged down, seeking logwood, hides,
pieces-of-eight; found none,--not the least trace of contraband on board
of Jenkins. They brought up his quadrants, sextants, however; likewise
his stock of tallow candles: they shook and rummaged him, and all
things, for pieces-of-eight; furiously advised him, cutlass in hand,
to confess guilt. They slashed the head of Jenkins, his left ear almost
off. Order had been given, 'Scalp him!'--but as he had no hair, they
omitted that; merely brought away the wig, and slashed:--still
no confession, nor any pieces-of-eight. They hung him up to the
yard-arm,--actual neck-halter, but it seems to have been tarry, and
did not run:--still no confession. They hoisted him higher, tied his
cabin-boy to his feet; neck-halter then became awfully stringent upon
Jenkins; had not the cabin-boy (without head to speak of) slipt through,
noose being tarry; which was a sensible relief to Jenkins. Before very
death, they lowered Jenkins, 'Confess, scoundrel, then!' Scoundrel could
not confess; spoke of 'British Majesty's flag, peaceable English subject
on the high seas.'--'British Majesty; high seas!' answered they, and
again hoisted. Thrice over they tried Jenkins in this manner at the
yard-arm, once with cabin-boy at his feet: never had man such a day,
outrageous whiskerando cut-throats tossing him about, his poor Rebecca
and him, at such rate! Sun getting low, and not the least trace of
contraband found, they made a last assault on Jenkins; clutched the
bloody slit ear of him; tore it mercilessly off; flung it in his face,
'Carry that to your King, and tell him of it!' Then went their way;
taking Jenkins's tallow candles, and the best of his sextants with
them; so that he could hardly work his passage home again, for want of
latitudes;--and has lost in goods 112 pounds, not to speak of his ear.
Strictly true all this; ship's company, if required, will testify on
their oath." [Daily Journal (and the other London Newspapers), 12th-17th
June (o.s.), 1731. Coxe's _Walpole,_ i. 579, 560 (indistinct, and
needing correction).]

These surely are singular facts; calculated to awaken a maritime public
careful of its honor. Which they did,--after about eight years, as
the reader will see! For the present, there are growlings in the
coffee-houses; and, "THURSDAY, 28th JUNE," say the Newspapers, "This day
Captain Jenkins with his Owners," ear in his pocket, I hope, "went
out to Hampton Court to lay the matter before his Grace of Newcastle:"
"Please your Grace, it is hardly three months since the illustrious
Treaty of Vienna was signed; Dutch and we leading in the Termagant of
Spain, and nothing but halcyon weather to be looked for on that side!"
Grace of Newcastle, anxious to avoid trouble with Spain, answers I can
only fancy what; and nothing was done upon Jenkins and his ear;

    ["The Spaniards own they did a witty thing,
     Who cropt our ears, and sent them to the King."
                      --POPE (date not given me).]

--may "keep it in cotton," if he like; shall have "a better ship"
for some solacement. This is the first emergence of Jenkins and his
ear upon negligent mankind. He and it will marvellously re-emerge, one
day!--




BABY CARLOS GETS HIS APANAGE.

But in regard to that Treaty of Vienna, seventh and last of the
travail-throes for Baby Carlos's Apanage, let the too oblivious reader
accept the following Extract, to keep him on a level with Public
"Events," as they are pleased to denominate themselves:--

"By that dreadful Treaty of Seville, Cardinal Fleury and the Spaniards
should have joined with England, and coerced the Kaiser VI ET ARMIS to
admit Spanish Garrisons [instead of neutral] into Parma and Piacenza,
and so secure Baby Carlos his heritage there, which all Nature was
in travail till he got. 'War in Italy to a certainty!' said all the
Newspapers, after Seville: and Crown-Prince Friedrich, we saw, was
running off to have a stroke in said War;--inevitable, as the Kaiser
still obstinately refused. And the English, and great George their King,
were ready. Nevertheless, no War came. Old Fleury, not wanting war,
wanting only to fish out something useful for himself,--Lorraine how
welcome, and indeed the smallest contributions are welcome!--Old Fleury
manoeuvred, hung back; till the Spaniards and Termagant Elizabeth lost
all patience, and the very English were weary, and getting auspicious.
Whereupon the Kaiser edged round to the Sea-Powers again, or they to
him; and comfortable AS-YOU-WERE was got accomplished: much to the joy
of Friedrich Wilhelm and others. Here are some of the dates to these
sublime phenomena:

"MARCH 16th, 1731, Treaty of Vienna, England and the Kaiser coalescing
again into comfortable AS-YOU-WERE. Treaty done by Robinson [Sir
Thomas, ultimately Earl of Grantham, whom we shall often hear of in time
coming]; was confirmed and enlarged by a kind of second edition, 22d
July, 1731; Dutch joining, Spain itself acceding, and all being now
right. Which could hardly have been expected.

"For before the first edition of that Treaty, and while Robinson at
Vienna was still laboring like Hercules in it,--the poor Duke of Parma
died. Died; and no vestige of a 'Spanish Garrison' yet there, to induct
Baby Carlos according to old bargain. On the contrary, the Kaiser
himself took possession,--'till once the Duke's Widow, who declares
herself in the family-way, be brought to bed! If of a Son, of course
he must have the Duchies; if of a Daughter only, then Carlos SHALL get
them, let not Robinson fear.' The due months ran, but neither son nor
daughter came; and the Treaty of Vienna, first edition and also second,
was signed; and, "OCTOBER 20th, 1731, Spanish Garrisons, no longer an
 but a bodily fact, 6,000 strong, 'convoyed by the British Fleet,' came
into Leghorn, and proceeded to lodge themselves in the long-litigated
Parma and Piacenza;--and, in fine, the day after Christmas, blessed be
Heaven.

"DECEMBER 26th, Baby Carlos in highest person came in: Baby Carlos (more
power to him!) got the Duchies, and we hope there was an end. No young
gentleman ever had such a pother to make among his fellow-creatures
about a little heritable property. If Baby Carlos's performance in it be
anything in proportion, he will be a supereminent sovereign!--

"There is still some haggle about Tuscany, the Duke of which is old and
heirless; Last of the Medici, as he proved. Baby Carlos would much like
to have Tuscany too; but that is a Fief of the Empire, and might easily
be better disposed of, thinks the Kaiser. A more or less uncertain
point, that of Tuscany; as many points are! Last of the Medici
complained, in a polite manner, that they were parting his clothes
before he had put them off: however, having no strength, he did not
attempt resistance, but politely composed himself, 'Well, then!'
[Scholl, ii. 219-221; Coxe's _Walpole,_ i. 346; Coxe's _House of
Austria_ (London, 1854), iii. 151.] Do readers need to be informed that
this same Baby Carlos came to be King of Naples, and even ultimately
to be Carlos III. of Spain, leaving a younger Son to be King of Naples,
ancestor of the now Majesty there?"

And thus, after such Diplomatic earthquakes and travail of Nature, there
is at last birth; the Seventh Travail-throe has been successful, in
some measure successful. Here actually is Baby Carlos's Apanage; there
probably, by favor of Heaven and of the Sea-Powers, will the Kaiser's
Pragmatic Sanction be, one day. Treaty of Seville, most imminent of
all those dreadful Imminencies of War, has passed off as they all did;
peaceably adjusts itself into Treaty of Vienna: A Termagant, as it were,
sated; a Kaiser hopeful to be so, Pragmatic Sanction and all: for the
Sea-Powers and everybody mere halcyon weather henceforth,--not extending
to the Gulf of Florida and Captain Jenkins, as would seem! Robinson, who
did the thing,--an expert man, bred to business as old Horace Walpole's
Secretary, at Soissons and elsewhere, and now come to act on his own
score,--regards this Treaty of Vienna (which indeed had its multiform
difficulties) as a thing to immortalize a man.

Crown-Prince has, long since, by Papa's order, written to the Kaiser,
to thank Imperial Majesty for that beneficent intercession, which has
proved the saving of his life, as Papa inculcates. We must now see a
little how the saved Crown-Prince is getting on, in his eclipsed state,
among the Domain Sciences at Custrin.




Chapter V. -- INTERVIEW OF MAJESTY AND CROWN-PRINCE AT CUSTRIN.

Ever since the end of November last year, Crown-Prince Friedrich, in
the eclipsed state, at Custrin, has been prosecuting his probationary
course, in the Domain Sciences and otherwise, with all the patience,
diligence and dexterity he could. It is false, what one reads in some
foolish Books, that Friedrich neglected the functions assigned him as
assessor in the KRIEGS-UND DOMANEN-KAMMER. That would not have been the
safe course for him! The truth still evident is, he set himself with
diligence to learn the Friedrich-Wilhelm methods of administering
Domains, and the art of Finance in general, especially of Prussian
Finance, the best extant then or since;--Finance, Police, Administrative
Business;--and profited well by the Raths appointed as tutors to him,
in the respective branches. One Hille was his Finance-tutor; whose
"KOMPENDIUM," drawn up and made use of on this occasion, has been
printed in our time; and is said to be, in brief compass, a
highly instructive Piece; throwing clear light on the exemplary
Friedrich-Wilhelm methods. [Preuss, i. 59 n.] These the Prince did
actually learn; and also practise, all his life,--"essentially following
his Father's methods," say the Authorities,--with great advantage to
himself, when the time came.

Solid Nicolai hunted diligently after traces of him in the Assessor
business here; and found some: Order from Papa, to "make Report, upon
the Glass-works of the Neumark:" Autograph signatures to common Reports,
one or two; and some traditions of his having had a hand in planning
certain Farm-Buildings still standing in those parts:--but as the
Kammer Records of Custrin, and Custrin itself, were utterly burnt by the
Russians in 1758, such traces had mostly vanished thirty years before
Nicolai's time. [Nicolai, _Anekdoten,_ vi. 193.] Enough have turned up
since, in the form of Correspondence with the King and otherwise: and it
is certain the Crown-Prince did plan Farm-Buildings;--"both Carzig and
Himmelstadt (Carzig now called FRIEDRICHSFELDE in consequence)," [See
Map] dim mossy Steadings, which pious Antiquarianism can pilgrim to if
it likes, were built or rebuilt by him:--and it is remarkable withal how
thoroughly instructed Friedrich Wilhelm shows himself in such matters;
and how paternally delighted to receive such proposals of improvement
introducible at the said Carzig and Himmelstadt, and to find young
Graceless so diligent, and his ideas even good. [Forster, ii. 390, 387,
391.] Perhaps a momentary glance into those affairs may be permitted
farther on.

The Prince's life, in this his eclipsed state, is one of constraint,
anxiety, continual liability; but after the first months are well over,
it begins to be more supportable than we should think. He is fixed to
the little Town; cannot be absent any night, without leave from the
Commandant; which, however, and the various similar restrictions, are
more formal than real. An amiable Crown-Prince, no soul in Custrin but
would run by night or by day to serve him. He drives and rides about, in
that green peaty country, on Domain business, on visits, on permissible
amusement, pretty much at his own modest discretion. A green flat
region, made of peat and sand; human industry needing to be always busy
on it: raised causeways with incessant bridges, black sedgy ditch on
this hand and that; many meres, muddy pools, stagnant or flowing waters
everywhere; big muddy Oder, of yellowish-drab color, coming from the
south, big black Warta (Warthe) from the Polish fens in the east, the
black and yellow refusing to mingle for some miles. Nothing of the
picturesque in this country; but a good deal of the useful, of the
improvable by economic science; and more of fine productions in it, too,
of the floral, and still more interesting sorts, than you would suspect
at first sight. Friedrich's worst pinch was his dreadful straitness of
income; checking one's noble tendencies on every hand: but the gentry
of the district privately subscribed gifts for him (SE COTISIRENT,
says Wilhelmina); and one way and other he contrived to make ends meet.
Munchow, his President in the Kammer, next to whom sits Friedrich,
"King's place standing always ready but empty there," is heartily his
friend; the Munchows are diligent in getting up balls, rural gayeties,
for him; so the Hilles,--nay Hille, severe Finance Tutor, has a Mamsell
Hille whom it is pleasant to dance with; [Preuss, i. 59.] nor indeed
is she the only fascinating specimen, or flower of loveliness, in those
peaty regions, as we shall see. On the whole, his Royal Highness,
after the first paroxysms of Royal suspicion are over, and forgiveness
beginning to seem possible to the Royal mind, has a supportable time of
it; and possesses his soul in patience, in activity and hope.

Unpermitted things, once for all, he must avoid to do: perhaps he will
gradually discover that many of them were foolish things better not
done. He walks warily; to this all things continually admonish. We trace
in him some real desire to be wise, to do and learn what is useful if
he can here. But the grand problem, which is reality itself to him,
is always, To regain favor with Papa. And this, Papa being what he is,
gives a twist to all other problems the young man may have, for
they must all shape themselves by this; and introduces something of
artificial,--not properly of hypocritical, for that too is fatal if
found out,--but of calculated, reticent, of half-sincere, on the Son's
part: an inevitable feature, plentifully visible in their Correspondence
now and henceforth. Corresponding with Papa and his Grumkow, and
watched, at every step, by such an Argus as the Tobacco-Parliament,
real frankness of speech is not quite the recommendable thing; apparent
frankness may be the safer! Besides mastery in the Domain Sciences, I
perceive the Crown-Prince had to study here another art, useful to him
in after life: the art of wearing among his fellow-creatures a polite
cloak-of-darkness. Gradually he becomes master of it as few are: a man
politely impregnable to the intrusion of human curiosity; able to look
cheerily into the very eyes of men, and talk in a social way face to
face, and yet continue intrinsically invisible to them. An art no less
essential to Royalty than that of the Domain Sciences itself; and,--if
at all consummately done, and with a scorn of mendacity for help, as in
this case,--a difficult art. It is the chief feature in the Two or
Three Thousand LETTERS we yet have of Friedrich's to all manner of
correspondents: Letters written with the gracefulest flowing rapidity;
polite, affable,--refusing to give you the least glimpse into his real
inner man, or tell you any particular you might impertinently wish to
know.

As the History of Friedrich, in this Custrin epoch, and indeed in all
epochs and parts, is still little other than a whirlpool of simmering
confusions, dust mainly, and sibylline paper-shreds, in the pages of
poor Dryasdust, perhaps we cannot do better than snatch a shred or two
(of the partly legible kind, or capable of being made legible) out of
that hideous caldron; pin them down at their proper dates; and try if
the reader can, by such means, catch a glimpse of the thing with his own
eyes. Here is shred first; a Piece in Grumkow's hand.

This treats of a very grand incident; which forms an era or
turning-point in the Custrin life. Majesty has actually, after hopes
long held out of such a thing, looked in upon the Prodigal at Custrin,
in testimony of possible pardon in the distance;--sees him again, for
the first time since that scene at Wesel with the drawn sword, after
year and day. Grumkow, for behoof of Seckendorf and the Vienna people,
has drawn a rough "Protocol" of it; and here it is, snatched from the
Dust-whirlwinds, and faithfully presented to the English reader. His
Majesty is travelling towards Sonnenburg, on some grand Knight-of-Malta
Ceremony there; and halts at Custrin for a couple of hours as he
passes:--




GRUMKOW'S "PROTOKOLL" OF THE 15th AUGUST, 1731; OR SUMMARY OF WHAT TOOK
PLACE AT CUSTRIN THAT DAY.

"His Majesty arrived at Custrin yesterday [GESTERN Monday 15th,--hour
not mentioned], and proceeded at once to the Government House, with an
attendance of several hundred persons. Major-General Lepel," Commandant
of Custrin, "Colonel Derschau and myself are immediately sent for to
his Majesty's apartment there. Privy-Councillor Walden," Prince's
Hofmarschall, a solid legal man, "is ordered by his Majesty to bring
the Crown-Prince over from his house; who accordingly in a few minutes,
attended by Rohwedel and Natzmer," the two Kammerjunkers, "entered the
room where his Majesty and we were.

"So soon as his Majesty, turning round, had sight of him, the
Crown-Prince fell at his feet. Having bidden him rise, his Majesty said
with a severe mien:--

"'You will now bethink yourself what passed year and day ago; and
how scandalously you saw fit to behave yourself, and what a godless
enterprise you took in hand. As I have had you about me from the
beginning, and must know you well, I did all in the world that was in my
power, by kindness and by harshness, to make an honorable man of you. As
I rather suspected your evil purpose, I treated you in the harshest and
sharpest way in the Saxon Camp,' at Radewitz, in those gala days, 'in
hopes you would consider yourself, and take another line of conduct;
would confess your faults to me, and beg forgiveness. But all in vain;
you grew ever more stiffnecked. When a young man gets into follies with
women, one may try to overlook it as the fault of his age: but to do
with forethought basenesses (LACHETEEN) and ugly actions; 'that is
unpardonable. You thought to carry it through with your headstrong
humor: but hark ye, my lad (HORE, MEIN KERL), if thou wert sixty or
seventy instead of eighteen, thou couldst not cross my resolutions.'
It would take a bigger man to do that, my lad! 'And as, up to this date
(BIS DATO) I have managed to sustain myself against any comer, there
will be methods found of bringing thee to reason too!--

"'How have not I, on all occasions, meant honorably by you! Last time I
got wind of your debts, how did I, as a Father, admonish you to tell me
all; I would pay all, you were only to tell me the truth. Whereupon you
said, There were still two thousand thalers beyond the sum named. I paid
these also at once; and fancied I had made peace with you. And then it
was found, by and by, you owed many thousands more; and as you now knew
you could not pay, it was as good as if the money had been stolen;--not
to reckon how the French vermin, Montholieu and partner, cheated you
with their new loans.' Pfui!--'Nothing touched me so much [continues his
Majesty, verging towards the pathetic], as that you had not any trust in
me. All this that I was doing for aggrandizement of the House, the Army
and Finances, could only be for you, if you made yourself worthy of it!
I here declare I have done all things to gain your friendship;--and
all has been in vain!' At which words the Crown-Prince, with a very
sorrowful gesture, threw himself at his Majesty's feet,"--tears
(presumably) in both their eyes by this time.

"'Was it not your intention to go to England?' asked his Majesty farther
on. The Prince answered 'JA!'--'Then hear what the consequences would
have been. Your Mother would have got into the greatest misery; I could
not but have suspected she was the author of the business. Your Sister I
would have cast, for life, into a place where she never would have seen
sun and moon again. Then on with my Army into Hanover, and burn and
ravage; yes, if it had cost me life, land and people. Your thoughtless
and godless conduct, see what it was leading to. I intended to employ
you in all manner of business, civil, military; but how, after such an
action, could I show the face of you to my Officers (soldiers) and
other servants?--The one way of repairing all this is, That you seek,
regardless of your very life in comparison, to make the fault good
again!' At which words the Crown-Prince mournfully threw himself at
his Royal Majesty's feet; begging to be put upon the hardest proofs:
He would endure all things, so as to recover his Majesty's grace and
esteem.

"Whereupon the King asked him: 'Was it thou that temptedst Katte; or
did Katte tempt thee?' The Crown-Prince without hesitation answered, 'I
tempted him.'--'I am glad to hear the truth from you, at any rate.'"

The Dialogue now branches out, into complex general form; out of which,
intent upon abridging, we gather the following points. King LOQUITUR:--

"How do you like your Custrin life? Still as much aversion to
Wusterhausen, and to wearing your shroud [STERBEKITTEL, name for the
tight uniform you would now be so glad of, and think quite other than a
shroud!] as you called it?" Prince's answer wanting.--"Likely enough my
company does not suit you: I have no French manners, and cannot bring
out BON-MOTS in the PETIT-MAITRE way; and truly regard all that as a
thing to be flung to the dogs. I am a German Prince, and mean to live
and die in that character. But you can now say what you have got by your
caprices and obstinate heart; hating everything that I liked; and if I
distinguished any one, despising him! If an Officer was put in arrest,
you took to lamenting about him. Your real friends, who intended
your good, you hated and calumniated; those that flattered you, and
encouraged your bad purpose, you caressed. You see what that has come
to. In Berlin, in all Prussia for some time back, nobody asks after you,
Whether you are in the world or not; and were it not one or the other
coming from Custrin who reports you as playing tennis and wearing French
hair-bags, nobody would know whether you were alive or dead."

Hard sayings; to which the Prince's answers (if there were any beyond
mournful gestures) are not given. We come now upon Predestination, or
the GNADENWAHL; and learn (with real interest, not of the laughing
sort alone) how his "Majesty, in the most conclusive way, set forth the
horrible results of that Absolute-Decree notion; which makes out God
to be the Author of Sin, and that Jesus Christ died only for some! Upon
which the Crown-Prince vowed and declared (HOCH UND THEUER), he was now
wholly of his Majesty's orthodox opinion."

The King, now thoroughly moved, expresses satisfaction at the orthodoxy;
and adds with enthusiasm, "When godless fellows about you speak against
your duties to God, the King and your Country, fall instantly on your
knees, and pray with your whole soul to Jesus Christ to deliver you from
such wickedness, and lead you on better ways. And if it come in earnest
from your heart, Jesus, who would have all men saved, will not leave you
unheard." No! And so may God in his mercy aid you, poor son Fritz. And
as for me, in hopes the time coming will show fruits, I forgive you what
is past.--To which the Crown-Prince answered with monosyllables, with
many tears; "kissing his Majesty's feet;"--and as the King's eyes were
not dry, he withdrew into another room; revolving many things in his
altered soul.

"It being his Majesty's birthday [4th August by OLD STYLE, 15th by NEW,
forty-third birthday], the Prince, all bewept and in emotion, followed
his Father; and, again falling prostrate, testified such heartfelt joy,
gratitude and affection over this blessed anniversary, as quite touched
the heart of Papa; who at last clasped him in his arms [poor soul, after
all!], and hurried out to avoid blubbering quite aloud. He stept into
his carriage," intending for Sonnenburg (chiefly by water) this evening,
where a Serene Cousin, one of the Schwedt Margraves, Head Knight of
Malta, has his establishment.

"The Crown-Prince followed his Majesty out; and, in the presence of many
hundred people, kissed his Majesty's feet" again (linen gaiters, not
Day-and-Martin shoes); "and was again embraced by his Majesty, who said,
'Behave well, as I see you mean, and I will take care of you,' which
threw the Crown-Prince into such an ecstasy of joy as no pen
can express;" and so the carriages rolled away,--towards the
Knights-of-Malta business and Palace of the Head Knight of Malta, in the
first place. [Forster, iii. 50-54.]

These are the main points, says Grumkow, reporting next day; and the
reader must interpret them as he can, A Crown-Prince with excellent
histrionic talents, thinks the reader. Well; a certain exaggeration,
immensity of wish becoming itself enthusiasm; somewhat of that: but
that is by no means the whole or even the main part of the phenomenon,
O reader. This Crown-Prince has a real affection to his Father, as we
shall in time convince ourselves. Say, at lowest, a Crown-Prince loyal
to fact; able to recognize overwhelming fact, and aware that he must
surrender thereto. Surrender once made, the element much clears itself;
Papa's side of the question getting fairly stated for the first time.
Sure enough, Papa, is God's Vicegerent in several undeniable respects,
most important some of them: better try if we can obey Papa.

Dim old Fassmann yields a spark or two,--as to his Majesty's errand at
Sonnenburg. Majesty is going to preside to-morrow "at the Installation
of young Margraf Karl, new HERRMEISTER (Grand-Master) of the Knights
of St. John" there; "the Office having suddenly fallen vacant lately."
Office which is an heirloom;--usually held by one of the Margraves,
half-uncles of the King,--some junior of them, not provided for
at Schwedt or otherwise. Margraf Albert, the last occupant, an old
gentleman of sixty, died lately, "by stroke of apoplexy while at
dinner;" [21st June, 1731: Fassmann, p. 423; Pollnitz, ii. 390.]--and
his eldest Son, Margraf Karl, with whom his Majesty lodges to-night, is
now Herrmeister. "Majesty came at 6 P.M. to Sonnenburg [must have left
Custrin about five]; forty-two Ritters made at Sonnenburg next day,"--a
certain Colonel or Lieutenant-General von Wreech, whom we shall soon
see again, is one of them; Seckendorf another. "Fresh RITTER-SCHLAG
["Knight-stroke," Batch of Knights dubbed] at Sonnenburg, 29th September
next," which shall not the least concern us. Note Margraf Karl, however,
the new Herrmeister; for he proves a soldier of some mark, and will turn
up again in the Silesian Wars;--as will a poor Brother of his still more
impressively, "shot dead beside the King," on one occasion there.

We add this of Dickens, for all the Diplomatists, and a discerning
public generally, are much struck with the Event at Custrin; and take
to writing of it as news;--and "Mr. Ginkel," Dutch Ambassador here, an
ingenious, honest and observant man, well enough known to us, has
been out to sup with the Prince, next day; and thus reports of him to
Dickens: "Mr. Ginkel, who supped with the Prince on Thursday last,"
day after the Interview, "tells me that his Royal Highness is extremely
improved since he had seen him; being grown much taller; and that his
conversation is surprising for his age, abounding in good sense and the
prettiest turns of expression." [Despatch, 18th August, 1731.]

Here are other shreds, snatched from the Witch-Caldron, and pinned down,
each at its place; which give us one or two subsequent glimpses:--

POTSDAM, 21st AUGUST, 1731 (King to Wolden the Hofmarschall)....
"Crown-Prince shall travel over, and personally inspect, the following
Domains: Quartschen, Himmelstadt, Carzig, Massin, Lebus, Gollow and
Wollup," dingy moor-farms dear to Antiquarians; "travel over these and
not any other. Permission always to be asked, of his Royal Majesty, in
writing, and mention made to which of them the Crown-Prince means to go.
Some one to be always in attendance, who can give him fit instruction
about the husbandry; and as the Crown-Prince has yet only learned the
theory, he must now be diligent to learn the same practically. For
which end it must be minutely explained to him, How the husbandry is
managed,--how ploughed, manured, sown, in every particular; and what
the differences of good and bad husbandry are, so that he may be able
of himself to know and judge the same. Of Cattle-husbandry too, and the
affairs of Brewing (VIEHZUCHT UND BRAUWESEN), the due understanding
to be given him; and in the matter of Brewing, show him how things are
handled, mixed, the beer drawn off, barrelled, and all how they do
with it (WIE UBERALL DABEI VERFAHREN); also the malt, how it must be
prepared, and what like, when good. Useful discourse to be kept up with
him on these journeys; pointing out how and why this is and that, and
whether it could not be better:"--O King of a thousand!--"Has liberty to
shoot stags, moorcocks (HUHNER) and the like; and a small-hunt [KLEINE
JAGD, not a PARFORCE or big one] can be got up for his amusement now
and then;" furthermore "a little duck-shooting from boat," on the sedgy
waters there,--if the poor soul should care about it. Wolden, or one of
the Kammerjunkers, to accompany always, and be responsible. "No MADCHEN
or FRAUENSMENSCH," no shadow of womankind;--"keep an eye on him, you
three!"

These things are in the Prussian Archives; of date the week after that
interview. In two weeks farther, follows the Prince's speculation
about Carzig and the Building of a Farmstead there; with Papa's
"real contentment that you come upon such proposals, and seek to make
improvements. Only"--

WUSTERHAUSEN, 11th SEPTEMBER (King to Crown-Prince).... "Only you must
examine whether there is meadow-ground enough, and how many acres
can actually be allotted to that Farm. [Hear his Majesty!] Take a
Land-surveyor with you; and have all well considered; and exactly inform
yourself what kind of land it is, whether it can only grow rye, or
whether some of it is barley-land: you must consider it YOURSELF, and
do it all out of your own head, though you may consult with others about
it. In grazing-ground (HUTHUNG) I think it will not fail; if only the
meadow-land"--in fact, it fails in nothing; and is got all done ("wood
laid out to season straightway," and "what digging and stubbing there
is, proceeded with through the winter"): done in a successful and
instructive manner, both Carzig and Himmelstadt, though we will say
nothing farther of them. [Forster, i. 387-392.]

CUSTRIN, 22d SEPTEMBER (Crown-Prince to Papa).... "Have been at Lebus;
excellent land out there; fine weather for the husbandman." "Major
Roder," unknown Major, "passed this way; and dined with me, last
Wednesday. He has got a pretty fellow (SCHONEN KERL) for my Most
All-Gracious Father's regiment [the Potsdam Giants, where I used to be];
whom I could not look upon without bleeding heart. I depend on my Most
All-Gracious Father's Grace, that he will be good to me: I ask for
nothing and no happiness in the world but what comes from You; and hope
You will, some day, remember me in grace, and give me the Blue Coat
to put on again!" [BRIEFWECHSEL MIT VATER (OEuvres, xxvii. part 3d, p.
27).]--To which Papa answers nothing, or only "Hm, na, time MAY come!"

Carzig goes on straightway; Papa charmed to grant the moneys; "wood laid
out to season," and much "stubbing and digging" set on foot, before
the month ends. Carzig; and directly on the heel of it, on like terms,
Himmelstadt,--but of all this we must say no more. It is clear the
Prince is learning the Domain Sciences; eager to prove himself a perfect
son in the eyes of Papa. Papa, in hopeful moments, asks himself: "To
whom shall we marry him, then; how settle him?" But what the Prince,
in his own heart, thought of it all; how he looked, talked, lived, in
unofficial times? Here has a crabbed dim Document turned up, which,
if it were not nearly undecipherable to the reader and me, would throw
light on the point:--




SCHULENBURG'S THREE LETTERS TO GRUMKOW, ON VISITS TO THE CROWN-PRINCE,
DURING THE CUSTRIN TIME.

The reader knows Lieutenant-General Schulenburg; stiff little military
gentleman of grave years, nephew of the maypole EMERITA who is
called Duchess of Kendal in England. "Had a horse shot under him at
Malplaquet;" battlings and experiences enough, before and since. Has
real sense, abundant real pedantry; a Prussian soldier every inch. He
presided in the Copenick Court-martial; he is deeply concerned in these
Crown-Prince difficulties. His Majesty even honors him by expecting he
should quietly keep a monitorial eye upon the Crown-Prince;--being his
neighbor in those parts; Colonel-Commandant of a regiment of Horse at
Landsberg not many miles off. He has just been at Vienna [September,
1731 (_Militair-Lexikon,_ iii. 433).] on some "business",
(quasi-diplomatic probably, which can remain unknown to us); and has
reported upon it, or otherwise finished it off, at Berlin;--whence
rapidly home to Landsberg again. On the way homewards, and after getting
home, he writes these three Letters; off-hand and in all privacy, and
of course with a business sincerity, to Grumkow;--little thinking they
would one day get printed, and wander into these latitudes to be scanned
and scrutinized! Undoubtedly an intricate crabbed Document to us; but
then an indubitable one. Crown-Prince, Schulenburg himself, and the
actual figure of Time and Place, are here mirrored for us, with a
business sincerity, in the mind of Schulenburg,--as from an accidental
patch of water; ruffled bog-water, in sad twilight, and with sedges and
twigs intervening; but under these conditions we do look with our own
eyes!

Could not one, by any conceivable method, interpret into legibility this
abstruse dull Document; and so pick out here and there a glimpse, actual
face-to-face view, of Crown-Prince Friedrich in his light-gray frock
with the narrow silver tresses, in his eclipsed condition there in the
Custrin region? All is very mysterious about him; his inward
opinion about all manner of matters, from the GNADENWAHL to the late
Double-Marriage Question. Even his outward manner of life, in its
flesh-and-blood physiognomy,--we search in vain through tons of dusty
lucubration totally without interest, to catch here and there the corner
of a feature of it. Let us try Schulenburg. We shall know at any rate
that to Grumkow, in the Autumn 1731, these words were luculent and
significant: consciously they tell us something of young Friedrich;
unconsciously a good deal of Lieutenant-General Schulenburg, who
with his strict theologies, his military stiffnesses, his reticent,
pipe-clayed, rigorous and yet human ways, is worth looking at, as
an antique species extinct in our time. He is just home from Vienna,
getting towards his own domicile from Berlin, from Custrin, and has
seen the Prince. He writes in a wretched wayside tavern, or post-house,
between Custrin and Landsberg,--dates his letter "WIEN (Vienna)," as if
he were still in the imperial City, so off-hand is he.

No. 1. TO HIS EXCELLENZ (add a shovelful of other titles)
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL HERR BARON VON GRUMKOW, PRESIDENT OF THE KRIEGES-UND
DOMANEN-DIRECTORIUM, OF THE (in fact, Vice-President of the
Tobacco-Parliament) IN BERLIN.

"WIEN [properly Berlin-Landsberg Highway, other side of Custrin], 4th
October, 1731.

"I regret much to have missed the pleasure of seeing your Excellency
again before I left Berlin. I set off between seven and eight in the
morning yesterday, and got to Custrin [seventy miles or so] before
seven at night. But the Prince had gone, that day, to the Bailliage of
Himmelstadt" (up the Warta Country, eastward some five-and-thirty miles,
much preparatory digging and stubbing there); and he "slept at Massin
[circuitous road back], where he shot a few stags this morning. As I
was told he might probably dine at Kammin [still nearer Custrin, twelve
miles from it; half that distance east of Zorndorf,--mark that, O reader
(see Map)] with Madam Colonel Schoning, I drove thither. He had arrived
there a moment before me." And who is Madam Schoning, lady of Kammin
here?--Patience, reader.

"I found him much grown; an air of health and gayety about him. He
caressed me greatly (ME GRACIEUSA FORT); afterwards questioned me about
my way of life in Vienna; and asked, if I had diverted myself well
there? I told him what business had been the occasion of my journey,
and that this rather than amusements had occupied me; for the rest, that
there had been great affluence of company, and no lack of diversions. He
spoke a long time to Madam de Wreech "--

"Wrochem" Schulenburg calls her: young Wife of Lieutenant-General von
Wreech, a Marlborough Campaigner, made a Knight of Malta the other day;
[_Militair-Lexikon,_ iv. 269.]--HIS charming young Wife, and Daughter of
Madam Colonel Schoning our hostess here; lives at Tamsel, in high
style, in these parts: mark the young Lady well,--"who did not appear
indifferent to him." No!--"and in fact she was in all her beauty; a
complexion of lily and rose."

Charming creature; concerning whom there are anecdotes still afloat, and
at least verses of this Prince's writing; not too well seen by Wreech,
lately made a Knight of Malta, who, though only turning forty, is
perhaps twice her age. The beautifulest, cleverest,--fancy it; and
whether the peaty Neumark produces nothing in the floral kind!

"We went to dinner; he asked me to sit beside him. The conversation
fell, among other topics, on the Elector Palatine's Mistress," crotchety
old gentleman, never out of quarrels, with Heidelberg Protestants, heirs
of Julich and Berg, and in general with an unreasonable world, whom
we saw at Mannheim last year; has a Mistress,--"Elector Valatine's
Mistress, called Taxis. Crown-Prince said: 'I should like to know what
that good old gentleman does with a Mistress?' I answered, that the
fashion had come so much in vogue, Princes did not think they were
Princes unless they had mistresses; and that I was amazed at the
facility of women, how they could shut their eyes on the sad reverse of
fortune nearly inevitable for them;--and instanced the example of Madam
Gravenitz"--

"Gravenitz;" example lately fallen out at Wurtemberg, as we predicted.
Prayers of the Country, "Deliver us from evil," are now answered there:
Gravenitz quite over with it! Alas, yes; lately fallen from her high
estate in Wurtemberg, and become the topic of dinner-tables; seized by
soldiers in the night-time; vain her high refusals, assurances of being
too unwell to dress, "Shall go in your shift, then,"--is in prison,
totally eclipsed. [Michaelis, iii. 440; Pollnitz, i. 297.] Calming her
fury, she will get out; and wearisomely wander about in fashionable
capitals, TOUJOURS UN LAVEMENT A SES TROUSSES!

"There were other subjects touched upon; and I always endeavored to
deduce something of moral instruction from them," being a military
gentleman of the old school.

"Among other things, he said, He liked the great world, and was charmed
to observe the ridiculous weak side of some people. 'That is excellent,'
said I, 'if one profit by it oneself: but if it is only for amusement,
such a motive is worth little; we should rather look out for our own
ridiculous weak side.' On rising, Hofmarschall Wolden said to me,"
without much sincerity, "'YOU have done well to preach a little morality
to him.' The Prince went to a window, and beckoned me thither.

"'You have learned nothing of what is to become of me?' said he. I
answered: 'It is supposed your Royal Highness will return to Berlin,
when the Marriage [Wilhelmina's] takes place; but as to what will come
next, I have heard nothing. But as your Highness has friends, they will
not fail to do their endeavor; and M. de Grumkow has told me he would
try to persuade the King to give you a regiment, in order that your
Highness might have something to do.' It seemed as if that would give
him pleasure. I then took the liberty of saying: 'Monseigneur, the most,
at present, depends on yourself.--'How so?' asked he. I answered, 'It is
only by showing good conduct, and proofs of real wisdom and worth, that
the King's entire favor can be gained First of all, to fear God'"--And,
in fact, I launched now into a moral preachment, or discursive Dialogue,
of great length; much needing to have the skirts of it tucked up, in
a way of faithful abridgment, for behoof of poor English readers. As
follows:--

"SCHULENBURG: If your Highness behave well, the King will accord what
you want: but it is absolutely necessary to begin by that.--PRINCE: I do
nothing that can displease the King.--SCHULENBURG: It would be a little
soon yet! But I speak of the future. Your Highness, the grand thing I
recommend is to fear God! Everybody says, you have the sentiments of an
honest man; excellent, that, for a beginning; but without the fear of
God, your Highness, the passions stifle the finest sentiments. Must lead
a life clear of reproach; and more particularly on the chapter of women!
Need not imagine you can do the least thing without the King's knowing
it: if your Highness take the bad road, he will wish to correct it; the
end will be, he will bring you back to live beside him; which will
not be very agreeable.--PRINCE: Hmph, No!--SCHULENBURG: Of the ruin to
health I do not speak; I--PRINCE: Pooh, one is young, one is not master
of that;"--and, in fact, on this delicate chapter, which runs to some
length, Prince answers as wildish young fellows will; quizzing my grave
self, with glances even at his Majesty, on alleged old peccadilloes of
ours. Which allegations or inferences I rebutted with emphasis. "But,
I confess, though I employed all my rhetoric, his mind did not seem
to alter; and it will be a miracle if he change on this head." Alas,
General! Can't be helped, I fear!

"He said he was not afraid of anything so much as of living constantly
beside the King.--SCHULENBURG: Arm yourself with patience, Monseigneur,
if that happen. God has given you sense enough; persevere to use it
faithfully on all occasions, you will gain the good graces of the
King.--PRINCE: Impossible; beyond my power, indeed, said he; and made a
thousand objections.--SCHULENBURG: Your Highness is like one that will
not learn a trade because you do not already know it. Begin; you will
certainly never know it otherwise! Before rising in the morning, form a
plan for your day,"--in fact, be moral, oh, be moral!

His Highness now got upon the marriages talked of for him; an important
point for the young man. He spoke, hopefully rather, of the marriage
with the Princess of Mecklenburg,--Niece of the late Czar Peter the
Great; Daughter of that unhappy Duke who is in quarrel with his Ritters,
and a trouble to all his neighbors, and to us among the number. Readers
recollect that young Lady's Serene Mother, and a meeting she once had
with her Uncle Peter,--at Magdeburg, a dozen years ago, in a public
drawing-room with alcove near; anecdote not lightly to be printed in
human types, nor repeated where not necessary. The Mother is now dead;
Father still up to the eyes in puddle and trouble: but as for the
young Lady herself, she is Niece to the now Czarina Anne; by law of
primogeniture Heiress of all the Russias; something of a match truly!

"But there will be difficulties; your Highness to change your religion,
for one thing?--PRINCE: Won't, by any means:--SCHULENBURG: And give up
the succession to Prussia?--PRINCE: A right fool if I did!--SCHULENBURG:
Then this marriage comes to nothing.--Thereupon next he said, If the
Kaiser is so strong for us, let him give me his second Daughter;"
lucky Franz of Lorraine is to get the first.--"SCHULENBURG: Are
you serious?--PRINCE: Why not? with a Duchy or two it would do very
well.--SCHULENBURG: No Duchies possible under the Pragmatic Sanction,
your Highness: besides, your change of religion?--PRINCE: Oh, as to
that, never!--Then this marriage also comes to nothing Of the English,
and their Double-Marriage, and their Hotham brabble, he spoke lightly,
as of an extinct matter,--in terms your Excellency will like.

"But, said I, since you speak so much of marriages, I suppose you wish
to be married?--PRINCE: No; but if the King absolutely will have it, I
will marry to obey him. After that, I will shove my wife into the corner
(PLANTERAI LA MA FEMME), and live after my own fancy.--SCHULENBURG:
Horrible to think of! For, in the first place, your Highness, is it not
written in the Law of God, Adulterers shall not inherit the Kingdom of
Heaven?" And in the second place; and in the third and fourth place!--To
all which he answered as wild young fellows do, especially if you force
marriage on them. "I can perceive, if he marries, it will only be to
have more liberty than now. It is certain, if he had his elbows free, he
would strike out (S'EN DONNERAIT A GAUCHE). He said to me several
times: 'I am young; I want to profit by my youth.'" A questionable young
fellow, Herr General; especially if you force marriage on him.

"This conversation done," continues the General, "he set to talking with
the Madam Wreech," and her complexion of lily and rose; "but he did not
stay long; drove off about five [dinner at the stroke of twelve in those
countries], inviting me to see him again at Custrin, which I promised."

And so the Prince is off in the Autumn sunset, driving down the peaty
hollow of the Warta, through unpicturesque country, which produces
Wreechs and incomparable flowers nevertheless. Yes; and if he look a
six miles to the right, there is the smoke of the evening kettles from
Zorndorf, rising into the sky; and across the River, a twenty miles to
the left, is Kunersdorf: poor sleepy sandy hamlets; where nettles of the
Devil are to be plucked one day!--

"The beautiful Wreech drove off to Tamsel," her fine house; I to this
wretched tavern; where, a couple of hours after that conversation, I
began writing it all down, and have nothing else to do for the night.
Your Excellency's most moral, stiff-necked, pipe-clayed and extremely
obedient,

"VON SCHULENBUBG."

[Forster, iii. 65-71.]

This young man may be orthodox on Predestination, and outwardly growing
all that a Papa could wish; but here are strange heterodoxies, here is
plenty of mutinous capricious fire in the interior of him, Herr General!
In fact, a young man unfortunately situated; already become solitary in
Creation; has not, except himself, a friend in the world available just
now. Tempestuous Papa storms one way, tempestuous Mamma Nature another;
and between the outsids and the inside there are inconsistencies enough.

Concerning the fair Wreech of Tamsel, with her complexion of lily and
rose, there ensued by and by much whispering, and rumoring underbreath;
which has survived in the apocryphal Anecdote-Books, not in too distinct
a form. Here, from first hand, are three words, which we may take to be
the essence of the whole. Grumkow reporting, in a sordid, occasionally
smutty, spy manner, to his Seckendorf, from Berlin, eight or ten months
hence, has this casual expression: "He [King Friedrich Wilhelm] told
me in confidence that Wreech, the Colonel's Wife, is--to P. R.
(Prince-Royal); and that Wreech vowed he would not own it for his. And
his Majesty in secret is rather pleased," adds the smutty spy. [Grumkow
to Seckendorf, Berlin, 20th August, 1732 (Forster, iii. 112).] Elsewhere
I have read that the poor object, which actually came as anticipated
(male or female, I forget), did not live long;--nor had Friedrich, by
any opportunity, another child in this world. Domestic Tamsel had
to allay itself as it best could; and the fair Wreech became much
a stranger to Friedrich,--surprisingly so to Friedrich the KING, as
perhaps we may see.--

Predestination, GNADENWAHL, Herr General: what is orthodoxy
on Predestination, with these accompaniments! [For Wreech, see
_Benekendorf,_ v. 94; for Schulenburg, ib. 26;--and _Militair-Lexikon,_
iii. 432, 433, and iv. 268, 269. Vacant on the gossiping points;
cautiously official, both these.] We go now to the Second Letter and the
Third,--from Landsberg about a fortnight later:--

No. 2. TO HIS EXCELLENCY (shovelful of titles) VON GRUMKOW, IN BERLIN.

"LANDSBERG, 19th October, 1731.

"The day before yesterday [that is, Wednesday, 17th October] I received
an Order, To have only fifty Horse at that post, and"--Order which shows
us that there has fallen out some recruiting squabble on the Polish
Frontier hereabouts; that the Polack gentlemen have seized certain
Corporals of ours, but are about restoring them; Order and affair
which we shall omit. "Corporals will be got back: but as these Polack
gentlemen: will see, by the course taken, that we have no great stomach
for BITING, I fancy they will grow more insolent; then, 'ware who tries
to recruit there for the future!

"On the same day I was apprised, from Custrin, That the Prince-Royal
had resolved on an excursion to Carzig, and thence to the Bailliage of
Himmelstadt [digging and stubbing now on foot at Himmelstadt too], which
is but a couple of miles ["DEMI-MILLE" German.] from this; that there
would be a little hunt between the two Bailliages; and that if I chose
to come, I might, and the Prince would dine with me."--Which I did; and
so, here again, Thursday, 18th October, 1731, in those remote Warta-Oder
Countries, is a glimpse of his Royal Highness at first hand. Schulenburg
continues; not even taking a new paragraph, which indeed he never
does:--

"They had shut up a couple of SPIESSER (young roes), and some stags, in
the old wreck of a SAUGARTEN [Boar-park, between Carzig and Himmelstadt;
FAST RUINIRTEN SAUGARTEN, he calls it, daintily throwing in a touch of
German here]: the Prince shot one or two of them, and his companions the
like; but it does not seem as if this amusement were much to his taste.
He went on to Himmelstadt; and at noon he arrived here," in my poor
Domicile at Landsberg.

"At one o'clock we went to table, and sat till four. He spoke only of
very indifferent things; except saying to me: 'Do you know, the King
has promised 400,000 crowns (60,000 pounds) towards disengaging those
Bailliages of the Margraf of Baireuth's,'"--old Margraf, Bailliages
pawned to raise ready cash; readers remember what interminable
Law-pleading there was, till Friedrich Wilhelm put it into a liquid
state, "Pay me back the moneys, then!" [Supra, pp. 161-163.]--"'400,000
thalers to the old Margraf, in case his Prince (Wilhelmina's now
Bridegroom) have a son by my Sister.' I answered, I had heard nothing
of it.--'But,' said he, 'that is a great deal of money! And some hundred
thousands more have gone the like road, to Anspach, who never will be
able to repay. For all is much in disorder at Anspach. Give the Margraf
his Heron-hunt (CHASSE AU HERON), he cares for nothing; and his people
pluck him at no allowance.' I said: That if these Princes would regulate
their expenditure, they might, little by little, pay off their debts;
that I had been told at Vienna the Baireuth Bailliages were mortgaged on
very low terms, those who now held them making eight or ten per cent of
their money;"--that the Margraf ought to make an effort; and so on. "I
saw very well that these Loans the King makes are not to his mind.

"Directly on rising from table, he went away; excusing himself to me,
That he could not pass the night here; that the King would not like
his sleeping in the Town; besides that he had still several things
to complete in a Report he was sending off to his Majesty. He went
to Nassin, and slept there. For my own share, I did not press him to
remain; what I did was rather in the way of form. There were with him
President Munchow," civil gentleman whom we know, "an Engineer Captain
Reger, and the three Gentlemen of his Court," Wolden, Rohwedel, Katzmer
who once twirled his finger in a certain mouth, the insipid fellow.


[MAP GOES HERE----------------missing]


"He is no great eater; but I observed he likes the small dishes (PETITS
PLATS) and the high tastes: he does not care for fish; though I had very
fine trouts, he never touched them. He does not take brown soup (SOUPE
AU BOUILLON). It did not seem to me he cared for wine: he tastes at all
the wines; but commonly stands by burgundy with water.

"I introduced to him all the Officers of my Regiment who are here; he
received them in the style of a king [EN ROI, plenty of quiet pride in
him, Herr General]. It is certain he feels what he is born to; and if
ever he get to it, will stand on the top of it. As to me, I mean to keep
myself retired; and shall see of him as little as I can. I perceive well
he does not like advice," especially when administered in the way of
preachment, by stiff old military gentlemen of the all-wise stamp;--"and
does not take pleasure except with people inferior to him in mind. His
first aim is to find out the ridiculous side of every one, and he loves
to banter and quiz. It is a fault in a Prince: he ought to know people's
faults, and not to make them known to anybody whatever,"--which, we
perceive, is not quite the method with private gentlemen of the all-wise
type!--

"I speak to your Excellency as a friend; and assure you he is a Prince
who has talent, but who will be the slave of his passions (SE FERA
DOMINER PAR SES PASSIONS,"--not a felicitous prophecy, Herr General);
"and will like nobody but such as encourage him therein. For me, I think
all Princes are cast in the same mould; there is only a more and a less.

"At parting, he embraced me twice; and said, 'I am sorry I cannot stay
longer; but another time I will profit better.' Wolden [one of the
Three] told me he could not describe how well-intentioned for your
Excellency the Prince-Royal is [cunning dog!], who says often to Wolden
[doubtless guessing it will be re-said], 'If I cannot show him my
gratitude, I will his posterity:'"--profoundly obliged to the Grumkow
kindred first and last!--"I remain your Excellency's" most pipe-clayed

"VON SCHULENBURG."

[Forster, iii. 71-73.]

And so, after survey of the spademen at Carzig and Himmelstadt (where
Colonel Wreech, by the way, is AMTS-HAUPTMANN, official Head-Man), after
shooting a SPIESSER or two, and dining and talking in this sort, his
Royal Highness goes to sleep at Massin; and ends one day of his then
life. We proceed to Letter No. 3.

A day or two after No. 2, it would appear, his Majesty, who is commonly
at Wusterhausen hunting in this season, has been rapidly out to
Crossen, in these Landsberg regions (to south, within a day's drive
of Landsberg), rapidly looking after something; Grumkow and another
Official attending him;--other Official, "Truchsess," is Truchsess von
Waldburg, a worthy soldier and gentleman of those parts, whom we shall
again hear of. In No. 3 there is mention likewise of the "Kurfurst of
Koln,"--Elector of Cologne; languid lanky gentleman of Bavarian breed,
whom we saw last year at Bonn, richest Pluralist of the Church; whom
doubtless our poor readers have forgotten again. Mention of him; and
also considerable sulky humor, of the Majesty's-Opposition kind, on
Schulenburg's part; for which reason, and generally as a poor direct
reflex of time and place,--reflex by ruffled bog-water, through sedges,
and in twilight; dim but indubitable,--we give the Letter, though the
Prince is little spoken of in it:--

 No. 3. TO THE EXCELLENCY GRUMKOW (as above), IN BERLIN.

"LANDSBERG, 22d October (Monday), 1731.

"MONSIEUR,--I trust your Excellency made your journey to Crossen with
all the satisfaction imaginable. Had I been warned sooner, I would
have come; not only to see the King, but for your Excellency's sake
and Truchsess's: but I received your Excellency's Letter only yesterday
morning; so I could not have arrived before yesternight, and that late;
for it is fifty miles off, and one has to send relays beforehand; there
being no post-horses on that road.

"We are,--not to make comparisons,--like Harlequin! No sooner out of
one scrape, than we get into another; and all for the sake of those Big
Blockheads (L'AMOUR DE CES GRANDS COLOSSES). What the Kurfurst of Koln
has done, in his character of Bishop of Osnabruck,"--a deed not known
to this Editor, but clearly in the way of snubbing our recruiting
system,--"is too droll: but if we avenge ourselves, there will be high
play, and plenty of it, all round our borders! If such things would make
any impression on the spirit, of our Master: but they do not;
they"--in short, this recruiting system is delirious, thinks the stiff
Schulenburg; and scruples not to say so, though not in his place
in Parliament, or even Tobacco-Parliament. For there is a Majesty's
Opposition in all lands and times. "We ruin the Country," says the
Honorable Member, "sending annually millions of money out of it, for a
set of vagabond fellows (GENS A SAC ET A CORDE), who will never do us
the least service. One sees clearly it is the hand of God," darkening
some people's understanding; "otherwise it might be possible their eyes
would open, one time or another!"--A stiff pipe-clayed gentleman of
great wisdom, with plenty of sulphur burning in the heart of him. The
rest of his Letter is all in the Opposition strain (almost as if from
his place in Parliament, only far briefer than is usual "within these
walls"); and winds up with a glance at Victor Amadeus's strange feat, or
rather at the Son's feat done upon Victor, over in Sardinia; preceded by
this interjectionary sentence on a Prince nearer home:--

"As to the Prince-Royal, depend on it he will do whatever is required of
him [marry anybody you like &c.], if you give him more elbow-room,
for that is whither he aims.--Not a bad stroke that, of the King of
Sardinia"--Grand news of the day, at that time; now somewhat forgotten,
and requiring a word from us:

Old King Victor Amadeus of Sardinia had solemnly abdicated in favor of
his Son; went, for a twelvemonth or more, into private felicity with an
elderly Lady-love whom he had long esteemed the first of women;--tired
of such felicity, after a twelvemonth; demanded his crown back, and
could not get it! Lady-love and he are taken prisoners; lodged in
separate castles: [2d September, 1730 abdicated, went to Chambery;
reclaims, is locked in Rivoli, 8th October, 1731 (news of it just come
to Schulenburg); dies there, 31st October, 1732, his 67th year.] and the
wrath of the proud old gentleman is Olympian in character,--split an oak
table, smiting it while he spoke (say the cicerones);--and his silence,
and the fiery daggers he looks, are still more emphatic. But the young
fellow holds out; you cannot play handy-dandy with a king's crown, your
Majesty! say his new Ministers. Is and will continue King. "Not a bad
stroke of him," thinks Schulenburg,----"especially if his Father meant
to play him the same trick," that is, clap him in prison. Not a bad
stroke;--which perhaps there is another that could imitate, "if HIS Papa
gave him the opportunity! But THIS Papa will take good care; and the
Queen will not forget the Sardinian business, when he talks again of
abdicating," as he does when in ill-humor.--

"But now had not we better have been friends with England, should war
rise upon that Sardinian business? General Schulenburg,"--the famed
Venetian Field-marshal, bruiser of the Turks in Candia, [Same who was
beaten by Charles XII. before; a worthy soldier nevertheless, say
the Authorities: LIFE of him by Varnhagen von Ense (_Biographische
Denkmale,_ Berlin, 1845).] my honored Uncle, who sometimes used to visit
his Sister the Maypole, now EMERITA, in London, and sip beer and take
tobacco on an evening, with George I. of famous memory,--he also "writes
me this Victor-Amadeus news, from Paris;" so that it is certain; Ex-King
locked in Rivoli near a fortnight ago: "he, General Schulenburg, says
farther, To judge by the outside, all appears very quiet; but many
think, at the bottom of the bag it will not be the same."--


"I am, with respect," your Excellency's much in buckram,

"LE COMTE DE SCHOULENBOURG."

[Forster, iii. 73-75.]

So far Lieutenant-General Schulenburg; whom we thank for these
contemporary glimpses of a young man that has become historical, and of
the scene he lived in. And with these three accidental utterances, as
if they (which are alone left) had been the sum of all he said in the
world, let the Lieutenant-General withdraw now into silence: he will
turn up twice again, after half a score of years, once in a nobler than
talking attitude, the close-harnessed, stalwart, slightly atrabiliar
military gentleman of the old Prussian school.

These glimpses of the Crown-Prince, reflected on us in this manner, are
not very luculent to the reader,--light being indifferent, and mirror
none of the best:--but some features do gleam forth, good and not so
good; which, with others coming, may gradually coalesce into something
conceivable. A Prince clearly of much spirit, and not without petulance;
abundant fire, much of it shining and burning irregularly at present;
being sore held down from without, and anomalously situated. Pride
enough, thinks Schulenburg, capricious petulance enough,--likely to go
into "a reign of the passions," if we live. As will be seen!--

Wilhelmina was betrothed in June last: Wilhelmina, a Bride these six
months, continues to be much tormented by Mamma. But the Bridegroom,
Prince of Baireuth, is gradually recommending himself to persons of
judgment, to Wilhelmina among others. One day he narrowly missed an
unheard-of accident: a foolish servant, at some boar-hunt, gave him a
loaded piece on the half-cock; half-cock slipped in the handling; bullet
grazed his Majesty's very temple, was felt twitching the hair there;--ye
Heavens! Whereupon impertinent remarks from some of the Dessau people
(allies of Schwedt and the Margravine in high colors); which were
well answered by the Prince, and noiselessly but severely checked by
a well-bred King. [Wilhelmina, i. 356.] King has given the Prince of
Baireuth a regiment; and likes him tolerably, though the young man will
not always drink as could be wished. Wedding, in spite of clouds from
her Majesty, is coming steadily on.




HIS MAJESTY'S BUILDING OPERATIONS.

"This year," says Fassmann, "the building operations both in Berlin and
Stettin,"--in Stettin where new fortifications are completed, in Berlin
where gradually whole new quarters are getting built,--"were exceedingly
pushed forward (AUSSERST POUSSIRT)." Alas, yes; this too is a
questionable memorable feature of his Majesty's reign. Late Majesty,
old King Friedrich I., wishful,--as others had been, for the growth of
Berlin, laid out a new Quarter, and called it Friedrichs Stadt; scraggy
boggy ground, planned out into streets, Friedrichs Strasse the chief
street, with here and there a house standing lonesomely prophetic on it.
But it is this present Majesty, Friedrich Wilhelm, that gets the plan
executed, and the Friedrichs Strasse actually built, not always in a
soft or spontaneous manner. Friedrich Wilhelm was the AEdile of his
Country, as well as the Drill-sergeant; Berlin City did not rise of
its own accord, or on the principle of leave-alone, any more than the
Prussian Army itself. Wreck and rubbish Friedrich Wilhelm will not leave
alone, in any kind; but is intent by all chances to sweep them from the
face of the Earth, that something useful, seemly to the Royal mind, may
stand there instead. Hence these building operations in the Friedrich
Street and elsewhere, so "exceedingly pushed forward."

The number of scraggy waste places he swept clear, first and last, and
built tight human dwellings upon, is almost uncountable. A common gift
from him (as from his Son after him) to a man in favor, was that of a
new good House,--an excellent gift. Or if the man is himself able to
build, Majesty will help him, incite him: "Timber enough is in the
royal forests; stone, lime are in the royal quarries; scraggy waste is
abundant: why should any man, of the least industry or private capital,
live in a bad house?" By degrees, the pressure of his Majesty upon
private men to build with encouragement became considerable, became
excessive, irresistible; and was much complained of, in these years
now come. Old Colonel Derschau is the King's Agent, at Berlin, in this
matter; a hard stiff man; squeezes men, all manner of men with the least
capital, till they build.

Nussler, for example, whom we once saw at Hanover, managing a certain
contested Heritage for Friedrich Wilhelm; adroit Nussler, though he has
yet got no fixed appointment, nor pay except by the job, is urged to
build;--second year hence, 1733, occurs the case of Nussler, and is
copiously dwelt upon by Busching his biographer: "Build yourself a
house in the Friedrichs Strasse!" urges Derschau. "But I have no pay, no
capital!" pleads Nussler.--"Tush, your Father-in-law, abstruse Kanzler
von Ludwig, in Halle University, monster of law-learning there, is not
he a monster of hoarded moneys withal? He will lend you, for his own
and his Daughter's sake. [Busching, _Beitrage,_ i. 324.] Or shall his
Majesty compel him?" urges Derschau. And slowly, continually turns the
screw upon Nussler, till he too raises for himself a firm good house in
the Friedrichs Stadt,--Friedrichs Strasse, or STREET, as they now call
it, which the Tourist of these days knows. Substantial clear ashlar
Street, miles or half-miles long; straight as a line:--Friedrich Wilhelm
found it scrag and quagmire; and left it what the Tourist sees, by these
hard methods. Thus Herr Privy-Councillor Klinggraf too, Nussler's next
neighbor: he did not want to build; far from it; but was obliged, on
worse terms than Nussler. You have such work, founding your house;--for
the Nussler-Klinggraf spot was a fish-pool, and "carps were dug up" in
founding;--such piles, bound platform of solid beams; "4,000 thalers
gone before the first stone is laid:" and, in fact, the house must be
built honestly, or it will be worse for the house and you. "Cost me
12,000 thalers (1,800 pounds) in all, and is worth perhaps 2,000!"
sorrowfully ejaculates Nussler, when the job is over. Still worse with
Privy-Councillor Klinggraf: his house, the next to Nussler's, is worth
mere nothing to him when built; a soap-boiler offers him 800 thalers
(120 pounds) for it; and Nussler, to avoid suffocation, purchases
it himself of Klinggraf for that sum. Derschau, with his slow
screw-machinery, is very formidable;--and Busching knows it for a
fact, "that respectable Berlin persons used to run out of the way
of Burgermeister Koch and him, when either of them turned up on the
streets!"

These things were heavy to bear. Truly, yes; where is the liberty of
private capital or liberty of almost any kind, on those terms? Liberty
to ANNIHILATE rubbish and chaos, under known conditions, you may have;
but not the least liberty to keep them about you, though never so fond
of doing it! What shall we say? Nussler and the Soap-boiler do both live
in houses more human than they once had. Berlin itself, and some other
things, did not spring from Free-trade. Berlin City would, to this day,
have been a Place of SCRUBS ("the BERLIN," a mere appellative noun to
that effect), had Free-trade always been the rule there. I am sorry his
Majesty transgresses the limits;--and we, my friends, if we can make
our Chaos into Cosmos by firing Parliamentary eloquence into it, and
bombarding it with Blue-Books, we will much triumph over his Majesty,
one day!--

Thus are the building operations exceedingly pushed forward, the Ear
of Jenkins torn off, and Victor Amadeus locked in ward, while our
Crown-Prince, in the eclipsed state, is inspected by a Sage in
pipe-clay, and Wilhelmina's wedding is coming on.




Chapter VI. -- WILHELMINA'S WEDDING.

Tuesday, 20th November, 1731, Wilhelmina's wedding-day arrived, after
a brideship of eight months; and that young Lady's troublesome romance,
more happily than might have been expected, did at last wind itself up.
Mamma's unreasonable humors continued, more or less; but these also
must now end. Old wooers and outlooks, "the four or three crowned
heads,"--they lie far over the horizon; faded out of one's very
thoughts, all these. Charles XII., Peter II. are dead; Weissenfels is
not, but might as well be. Prince Fred, not yet wedded elsewhere, is
doing French madrigals in Leicester House; tending forwards the "West
Wickham" set of Politicians, the Pitt-Lyttelton set; stands ill
with Father and Mother, and will not come to much. August the
Dilapidated-Strong is deep in Polish troubles, in Anti-Kaiser politics,
in drinking-bouts;--his great-toe never mended, never will mend. Gone to
the spectral state all these: here, blooming with life in its cheeks,
is the one practical Fact, our good Hereditary Prince of
Baireuth,--privately our fate all along;--which we will welcome
cheerfully; and be thankful to Heaven that we have not died in getting
it decided for us!--

Wedding was of great magnificence; Berlin Palace and all things and
creatures at their brightest: the Brunswick-Beverns here, and other high
Guests; no end of pompous ceremonials, solemnities and splendors,--the
very train of one's gown was "twelve yards long." Eschewing all which,
the reader shall commodiously conceive it all, by two samples we have
picked out for him: one sample of a Person, high Guest present; one of
an Apartment where the sublimities went on.

The Duchess Dowager of Sachsen-Meiningen, who has come to honor us on
this occasion, a very large Lady, verging towards sixty; she is
the person. A living elderly Daughter of the Great Elector himself;
half-sister to the late King, half-aunt to Friedrich Wilhelm; widow now
of her third husband: a singular phenomenon to look upon, for a moment,
through Wilhelmina's satirical spectacles. One of her three husbands,
"Christian Ernst of Baireuth" (Margraf there, while the present Line
was but expectant), had been a kind of Welsh-Uncle to the Prince now
Bridegroom; so that she has a double right to be here. "She had found
the secret of totally ruining Baireuth," says Wilhelmina; "Baireuth, and
Courland as well, where her first wedlock was;"--perhaps Meiningen was
done to her hand? Here is the Portrait of "my Grand-Aunt;" dashed off in
very high colors, not by a flattering pencil:--

"It is said she was very fond of pleasing, in her youth; one saw as much
still by her affected manners. She would have made an excellent actress,
to play fantastic parts of that kind. Her flaming red countenance, her
shape, of such monstrous extent that she could hardly walk, gave her the
air of a Female Bacchus. She took care to expose to view her"--a part
of her person, large but no longer beautiful,--"and continually kept
patting it with her hands, to attract attention thither. Though sixty
gone,"--fifty-seven in point of fact,--"she was tricked out like a
girl; hair done in ribbon-locks (MARRONNES), all filled with gewgaws of
rose-pink color, which was the prevailing tint in her complexion, and so
loaded with colored jewels, you would have taken her for the rainbow."
[Wilhelmina, i. 375.]

This charming old Lady, daughter of the GROSSE KURFURST, and so very fat
and rubicund, had a Son once: he too is mentionable in his way,--as a
milestone (parish milestone) in the obscure Chronology of those parts.
Her first husband was the Duke of Courland; to him she brought an
heir, who became Duke in his turn,--and was the final Duke, LAST of the
"Kettler" or native Line of Dukes there. The Kettlers had been Teutsch
Ritters, Commandants in Courland; they picked up that Country, for their
own behoof, when the Ritterdom went down; and this was the last of them.
He married Anne of Russia with the big cheek (Czar Peter's Niece, who
is since become Czarina); and died shortly after, twenty years ago; with
tears doubtless from the poor rose-pink Mother, far away in Baireuth
and childless otherwise; and also in a sense to the sorrow of Courland,
which was hereby left vacant, a prey to enterprising neighbors. And on
those terms it was that Saxons Moritz (our dissolute friend, who will be
MARECHAL DE SAXE one day) made his clutch at Courland, backed by moneys
of the French actress; rumor of which still floats vaguely about. Moritz
might have succeeded, could he have done the first part of the feat,
fallen in love with Swoln-cheeked Anne, Dowager there; but he could not;
could only pretend it: Courland therefore (now that the Swoln-cheek is
become Czarina) falls to one Bieren, a born Courlander, who could. [Last
Kettler, Anne's Husband, died (leaving only an old Uncle, fallen Into
Papistry and other futility, who, till his death some twenty years
after, had to reside abroad and be nominal merely), 1711; Moritz's
attempt with Adrienne Lecouvreur's cash was, 1726; Anne became Sovereign
of all the Russias (on her poor Cousin Peter II.'s death), 1730; Bieren
(BIRON as he tried to write himself, being of poor birth) did not get
installed till 1737; and had, he and Courland both, several tumbles
after that before getting to stable equilibrium.]--We hurry to the
"Grand Apartment" in Berlin Schloss, and glance rapidly, with Wilhelmina
(in an abridged form), how magnificent it is:--

Royal Apartment, third floor of the Palace at Berlin, one must say, few
things equal it in the world. "From the Outer Saloon or Antechamber,
called SALLE DES SUISSES [where the halberdier and valet people wait]
you pass through six grand rooms, into a saloon magnificently
decorated: thence through two rooms more, and so into what they call the
Picture-Gallery, a room ninety feet long. All this is in a line." Grand
all this; but still only common in comparison. From the Picture-Gallery
you turn (to right or left is not said, nor does it matter) into a suite
of fourteen great rooms, each more splendid than the other: lustre from
the ceiling of the first room, for example, is of solid silver; weighs,
in pounds avoirdupois I know not what, but in silver coin "10,000
crowns:" ceilings painted as by Correggio; "wall-mirrors between each
pair of windows are twelve feet high, and their piers (TRUMEAUX) are of
massive silver; in front of each mirror, table can be laid for twelve;"
twelve Serenities may dine there, flanked by their mirror, enjoying the
Correggiosities above, and the practical sublimities all round. "And
this is but the first of the fourteen;" and you go on increasing in
superbness, till, for example, in the last, or superlative Saloon, you
find "a lustre weighing 50,000 crowns; the globe of it big enough to
hold a child of eight years; and the branches (GUERIDONS) of it," I
forget how many feet or fathoms in extent: silver to the heart. Nay
the music-balcony is of silver; wearied fiddler lays his elbow on
balustrades of that precious metal. Seldom if ever was seen the like. In
this superlative Saloon the Nuptial Benediction was given. [Wilhelmina,
i. 381; Nicolai, ii. 881.]

Old King Friedrich, the expensive Herr, it was he that did the
furnishing and Correggio-painting of these sublime rooms: but this
of the masses of wrought silver, this was done by Friedrich
Wilhelm,--incited thereto by what he saw at Dresden in August the
Strong's Establishment; and reflecting, too, that silver is silver,
whether you keep it in barrels in a coined form, or work it into
chandeliers, mirror-frames and music-balconies.--These things we should
not have mentioned, except to say that the massive silver did prove a
hoard available, in after times, against a rainy day. Massive silver
(well mixed with copper first) was all melted down, stamped into current
coins, native and foreign, and sent wandering over the world, before a
certain Prince got through his Seven-Years Wars and other pinches that
are ahead!--

In fine, Wilhelmina's Wedding was magnificent; though one had rubs
too; and Mamma was rather severe. "Hair went all wrong, by dint of
overdressing; and hung on one's face like a boy's. Crown-royal they had
put (as indeed was proper) on one's head: hair was in twenty-four
locks the size of your arm: such was the Queen's order. Gown was of
cloth-of-silver, trimmed with Spanish gold-lace (AVEC UN POINT D'ESPAGNE
D'OR); train twelve yards long;--one was like to sink to the earth
in such equipment." Courage, my Princess!--In fact, the Wedding went
beautifully off; with dances and sublimities, slow solemn Torch-dance to
conclude with, in those unparalleled upper rooms; Grand-Aunt Meiningen
and many other stars and rainbows witnessing; even the Margravine of
Schwedt, in her high colors, was compelled to be there. Such variegated
splendor, such a dancing of the Constellations; sublunary Berlin, and
all the world, on tiptoe round it! Slow Torchdance, winding it up,
melted into the shades of midnight, for this time; and there was silence
in Berlin.

But, on the following nights, there were Balls of a less solemn
character; far pleasanter for dancing purposes. It is to these, to one
of these, that we direct the attention of all readers. Friday, 23d,
there was again Ball and Royal Evening Party--"Grand Apartment" so
called. Immense Ball, "seven hundred couples, all people of condition:"
there were "Four Quadrilles," or dancing places in the big sea of
quality-figures; each at its due distance in the grand suite of rooms:
Wilhelmina presides in Quadrille NUMBER ONE; place assigned her was in
the room called Picture-Gallery; Queen and all the Principalities were
with Wilhelmina, she is to lead off their quadrille, and take charge
of it. Which she did, with her accustomed fire and elasticity;--and was
circling there, on the light fantastic toe, time six in the evening,
when Grumkow, whom she had been dunning for his bargain about Friedrich
the day before, came up:--

"I liked dancing," says she, "and was taking advantage of my chances.
Grumkow came up, and interrupted me in the middle of a minuet: 'EH, MON
DIEU MADAME!' said Grumkow, 'you seem to have got bit by the tarantula!
Don't you see those strangers who have just come in?' I stopt short; and
looking all round, I noticed at last a young man dressed in gray, whom
I did not know. 'Go, then, embrace the Priuce-Royal; there he is before
you!' said Grumkow. All the blood in my body went topsy-turvy for joy.
'O Heaven, my Brother?' cried I: 'But I don't see him; where is he? In
God's name, let me see him!' Grumkow led me to the young man in gray.
Coming near, I recognized him, though with difficulty: he had grown
amazingly stouter (PRODIGIEUSEMENT ENGRAISSE), shortened about the neck;
his face too had much changed, and was no longer so beautiful as it had
been. I sprang upon him with open arms (SAUTAI AU COU); I was in such a
state, I could speak nothing but broken exclamations: I wept, I laughed,
like one gone delirious. In my life I have never felt so lively a joy.

"The first sane step was to throw myself at the feet of the King: King
said, 'Are you content with me? You see I have kept my word!' I took
my Brother by the hand; and entreated the King to restore him his
friendship. This scene was so touching, it drew tears from the eyes of
everybody. I then approached the Queen. She was obliged to embrace me,
the King being close opposite; but I remarked that her joy was only
affected."--Why then, O Princess? Guess, if you can, the female humors
of her Majesty!--

"I turned to my Brother again; I gave him a thousand caresses, and said
the tenderest things to him: to all which he remained cold as ice, and
answered only in monosyllables. I presented the Prince (my Husband);
to whom he did not say one word. I was astonished at this fashion of
procedure! But I laid the blame of it on the King, who was observing
us, and who I judged might be intimidating my Brother. But even his
countenance surprised me: he wore a proud air, and seemed to look down
on everybody."

A much-changed Crown-Prince. What can be the meaning of it? Neither King
nor he appeared at supper: they were supping elsewhere, with a select
circle; and the whisper ran among us, His Majesty was treating him with
great friendliness. At which the Queen, contrary to hope, could not
conceal her secret pique. "In fact," says Wilhelmina, again too hard
on Mamma, "she did not love her children except as they served her
ambitious views." The fact that it was I, and not she, who had achieved
the Prince's deliverance, was painful to her Majesty: alas, yes, in some
degree!

"Ball having recommenced, Grumkow whispered to me, 'That the King was
pleased with my frank kind ways to my Brother; and not pleased with my
Brother's cold way of returning it: Does he simulate, and mean still to
deceive me? Or IS that all the thanks he has for Wilhelmina? thinks his
Majesty. Go on with your sincerity, Madam; and for God's sake admonish
the Crown-Prince to avoid finessing!' Crown-Prince, when I did, in some
interval of the dance, report this of Grumkow, and say, Why so changed
and cold, then, Brother of my heart? answered, That he was still
the same; and that he had his reasons for what he did." Wilhelmina
continues; and cannot understand her Crown-Prince at all:--

"Next morning, by the King's order, he paid me a visit. The Prince," my
Husband, "was polite enough to withdraw, and left me and Sousfeld alone
with him. He gave me a recital of his misfortunes; I communicated mine
to him,"--and how I had at last bargained to get him free again by my
compliance. "He appeared much discountenanced at this last part of
my narrative. He returned thanks for the obligations I had laid on
him,--with some caressings, which evidently did not proceed from the
heart. To break this conversation, he started some indifferent topic;
and, under pretence of seeing my Apartment, moved into the next room,
where the Prince my Husband was. Him he ran over with his eyes from head
to foot, for some time; then, after some constrained civilities to him,
went his way. "What to make of all this?" Madam Sonsfeld shrugged
her shoulders; no end of Madam Sousfeld's astonishment at such a
Crown-Prince.

Alas, yes, poor Wilhelmina; a Crown-Prince got into terrible cognizance
of facts since we last met him! Perhaps already sees, not only what a
Height of place is cut out for him in this world, but also in a dim
way what a solitude of soul, if he will maintain his height? Top of the
frozen Schreckhorn;--have you well considered such a position! And even
the way thither is dangerous, is terrible in this case. Be not too hard
upon your Crown-Prince. For it is certain he loves you to the last!

Captain Dickens, who alone of all the Excellencies was not at the
Wedding,--and never had believed it would be a wedding, but only a rumor
to bring England round,--duly chronicles this happy reappearance of
the Prince-Royal: "about six, yesterday evening, as the company was
dancing,--to the great joy and surprise of the whale Court;"--and adds:
"This morning the Prince came to the public Parade; where crowds of
people of all ranks flocked to see his Royal Highness, and gave the most
open demonstrations of pleasure." [Despatch 24th November, 1731.]

Wilhelmina, these noisy tumults, not all of them delightful, once done,
gets out of the perplexed hurly-burly, home towards still Baireuth,
shortly after New-year. [11th January, 1732 (Wilhelmina, ii. 20.]
"Berlin was become as odious to me as it had once been dear. I flattered
myself that, renouncing grandeurs, I might lead a soft and tranquil
life in my new Home, and begin a happier year than the one that had
just ended." Mamma was still perverse; but on the edge of departure
Wilhelmina contrived to get a word of her Father, and privately open her
heart to him. Poor Father, after all that has come and gone:--

"My discourse produced its effect; he melted into tears, could not
answer me for sobs; he explained his thoughts by his embracings of me.
Making an effort, at length, he said: 'I am in despair that I did not
know thee. They had told me such horrible tales, I hated thee as much as
I now love thee. If I had addressed myself direct to thee, I should have
escaped much trouble, and thou too. But they hindered me from speaking;
said thou wert ill-natured as the Devil, and wouldst drive me to
extremities I wanted to avoid. Thy Mother, by her intriguings, is in
part the cause of the misfortunes of the family; I have been deceived
and duped on every side. But my hands are tied; and though my heart is
torn in pieces, I must leave these iniquities unpunished!'"--The Queen's
intentions were always good, urged Wilhelmina. "Let us not enter into
that detail," answered he: "what is past is past; I will try to forget
it;" and assured Wilhelmina that she was the dearest to him of the
family, and that he would do great things for her still,--only part of
which came to effect in the sequel. "I am too sad of heart to take
leave of you," concluded he: "embrace your Husband on my part; I am so
overcome that I must not see him." [Wilhelmina, ii. 4; who dates 11th
January, 1732.] And so they rolled away.

Crown-Prince was back to Custrin again, many weeks before. Back to
Custrin; but under totally changed omens: his history, after that first
emergence in Wilhelmina's dance "23d November about six P.M.," and
appearance at Parade on the morrow (Saturday morning), had been as
follows. (Monday November 26th) there was again grand Ball, and the
Prince there, not in gray this time. Next day, the old Dessauer and all
the higher Officers in Berlin petitioned, "Let us have him in the Army
again, your Majesty!" Majesty consented: and so, Friday, 30th, there was
grand dinner at Seckendorf's, Crown-Prince there, in soldier's uniform
again; a completely pardoned youth. His uniform is of the Goltz
Regiment, Infantry: Goltz Regiment, which lies at Ruppin,--at and about,
in that moory Country to the Northeast, some thirty or forty miles from
Berlin;--whither his destination now is.

Crown-Prince had to resume his Kammer work at Custrin, and see the
Buildings at Carzig, for a three months longer, till some arrangements
in the Regiment Goltz were perfected, and finishing improvements given
to it. But "on the last day of February" (29th) (1732 being leap-year),
his Royal Highness's Commission to be Colonel Commandant of said
Regiment is made out; and he proceeds, in discharge of the same, to
Ruppin, where his men lie. And so puts off the pike-gray coat, and puts
on the military blue one, [Preuss, i. 69.]--never to quit it again, as
turned out.

Ruppin is a little Town, in that northwest Fehrbellin region: Regiment
Goltz had lain in detached quarters hitherto; but is now to lie at
Ruppin, the first Battalion of it there, and the rest within reach.
Here, in Ruppin itself, or ultimately at Reinsberg in the neighborhood,
was Friedrich's abode, for the next eight years. Habitual residence:
with transient excursions, chiefly to Berlin in Carnival time, or on
other great occasions, and always strictly on leave; his employment
being that of Colonel of Foot, a thing requiring continual vigilance and
industry in that Country. Least of all to be neglected, in any point,
by one in his circumstances. He did his military duties to a perfection
satisfactory even to Papa; and achieved on his own score many other
duties and improvements, for which Papa had less value. These eight
years, it is always understood, were among the most important of his
life to him.


END OF BOOK VIII.





End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of History Of Friedrich II. of Prussia,
Vol. VIII. (of XXI.), by Thomas Carlyle

*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF FRIEDRICH II. ***

***** This file should be named 2108.txt or 2108.zip *****
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
        http://www.gutenberg.org/2/1/0/2108/

Produced by D.R. Thompson

Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
will be renamed.

Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
redistribution.



*** START: FULL LICENSE ***

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
http://gutenberg.org/license).


Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works

1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.  See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
States.

1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
1.E.9.

1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.

1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg-tm License.

1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
that

- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."

- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
     License.  You must require such a user to return or
     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
     Project Gutenberg-tm works.

- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
     of receipt of the work.

- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.

1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
your equipment.

1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.

1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.


Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm

Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.


Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.

The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
page at http://pglaf.org

For additional contact information:
     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
     Chief Executive and Director
     gbnewby@pglaf.org


Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
particular state visit http://pglaf.org

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate


Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.

Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.


Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.


Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:

     http://www.gutenberg.org

This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.