ef-themes: colorful and legible themes

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ef-themes: colorful and legible themes

Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License.”

(a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have the freedom to copy and modify this GNU manual.”

This manual, written by Protesilaos Stavrou, describes the Emacs package called ef-themes, and provides every other piece of information pertinent to it.

The documentation furnished herein corresponds to stable version 1.8.0, released on 2024-08-27. Any reference to a newer feature which does not yet form part of the latest tagged commit, is explicitly marked as such.

Current development target is 1.9.0-dev.

If you are viewing the README.org version of this file, please note that the GNU ELPA machinery automatically generates an Info manual out of it.


1 Installation


1.1 GNU ELPA package

The package is available as ef-themes. Simply do:

M-x package-refresh-contents
M-x package-install

And search for it.

GNU ELPA provides the latest stable release. Those who prefer to follow the development process in order to report bugs or suggest changes, can use the version of the package from the GNU-devel ELPA archive. Read: https://protesilaos.com/codelog/2022-05-13-emacs-elpa-devel/.


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1.2 Manual installation

Assuming your Emacs files are found in ‘~/.emacs.d/’, execute the following commands in a shell prompt:

cd ~/.emacs.d

# Create a directory for manually-installed packages
mkdir manual-packages

# Go to the new directory
cd manual-packages

# Clone this repo, naming it "ef-themes"
git clone https://git.sr.ht/~protesilaos/ef-themes ef-themes

Finally, in your ‘init.el’ (or equivalent) evaluate this:

;; Make Elisp files in that directory available to the user.
(add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/manual-packages/ef-themes")

Everything is in place to set up the package.


2 Sample configuration

;; Make customisations that affect Emacs faces BEFORE loading a theme
;; (any change needs a theme re-load to take effect).
(require 'ef-themes)

;; If you like two specific themes and want to switch between them, you
;; can specify them in `ef-themes-to-toggle' and then invoke the command
;; `ef-themes-toggle'.  All the themes are included in the variable
;; `ef-themes-collection'.
(setq ef-themes-to-toggle '(ef-summer ef-winter))

(setq ef-themes-headings ; read the manual's entry or the doc string
      '((0 variable-pitch light 1.9)
        (1 variable-pitch light 1.8)
        (2 variable-pitch regular 1.7)
        (3 variable-pitch regular 1.6)
        (4 variable-pitch regular 1.5)
        (5 variable-pitch 1.4) ; absence of weight means `bold'
        (6 variable-pitch 1.3)
        (7 variable-pitch 1.2)
        (t variable-pitch 1.1)))

;; They are nil by default...
(setq ef-themes-mixed-fonts t
      ef-themes-variable-pitch-ui t)

;; Disable all other themes to avoid awkward blending:
(mapc #'disable-theme custom-enabled-themes)

;; Load the theme of choice:
(load-theme 'ef-summer :no-confirm)

;; OR use this to load the theme which also calls `ef-themes-post-load-hook':
(ef-themes-select 'ef-summer)

;; The themes we provide are recorded in the `ef-themes-dark-themes',
;; `ef-themes-light-themes'.

;; We also provide these commands, but do not assign them to any key:
;;
;; - `ef-themes-toggle'
;; - `ef-themes-select'
;; - `ef-themes-select-dark'
;; - `ef-themes-select-light'
;; - `ef-themes-load-random'
;; - `ef-themes-preview-colors'
;; - `ef-themes-preview-colors-current'

3 Themes for red-green or blue-yellow color deficiency

Most items in the ef-themes collection are designed to use colors from many parts of the spectrum. Those items generally are inappropriate for users with red-green or blue-yellow color deficiency (deuteranopia and tritanopia, respectively). We do, nonetheless, provide light and dark themes that are optimized for such cases. The names of the themes are:

Loading a theme.


4 Customization options

The ef-themes provide a limited set of user options which tweak secondary aspects of the theme. No option affects coloration or the overall character of each theme (Principles).

All customizations need to be evaluated before loading a theme. Any change thus requires a theme re-load (Loading a theme).


4.1 Disable other themes

The user option ef-themes-disable-other-themes controls which themes to disable when loading an Ef theme.

When the value is non-nil, the commands ef-themes-toggle and ef-themes-select will disable all other themes while loading the specified Ef theme. This is done to ensure that Emacs does not blend two or more themes: such blends lead to awkward results that undermine the work of the designer.

When the value is nil, the aforementioned commands will only disable other themes within the Ef collection.

This option is provided because Emacs themes are not necessarily limited to colors/faces: they can consist of an arbitrary set of customizations. Users who use such customization bundles must set this variable to a nil value.


4.2 Toggle between two Ef themes

The user option ef-themes-to-toggle expects two symbols that name items in the Ef themes collection. The variable ef-themes-collection includes a list with all relevant symbols. The user can then switch between the two specified themes by invoking the ef-themes-toggle command.

If ef-themes-to-toggle does not specify two Ef themes, inform the user about it while prompting with completion for a theme among our collection (this is practically the same as the ef-themes-select command).

This command is in addition to the other ways of loading a theme, either with minibuffer completion or at random (Commands to load an Ef theme).


4.3 Enable mixed fonts

The user option ef-themes-mixed-fonts controls whether strictly spacing-sensitive constructs inherit from fixed-pitch (a monospaced font family).

By default (a nil value for this user option) no face inherits from fixed-pitch: they all use the default font family, regardless of whether it is monospaced or not.

When ef-themes-mixed-fonts is set to a non-nil value, faces such as for Org tables, inline code, code blocks, and the like, are rendered in a monospaced font at all times. The user can thus set their default font family to a proportionately spaced font without worrying about breaking the alignment of relevant elements, or if they simply prefer the aesthetics of mixed mono and proportionately spaced font families.

A temporary switch to a proportionately spaced font (known in Emacs as variable-pitch) can be enabled in the current buffer with the activation of the built-in variable-pitch-mode.

To get consistent typography, the user may need to edit the font family of the fixed-pitch and variable-pitch faces. The ‘fontaine’ package on GNU ELPA (by Protesilaos) can be helpful in this regard.


4.4 UI typeface

The user option ef-themes-variable-pitch-ui controls whether the elements of the User Interface (UI) use a proportionately spaced font. By default (a nil value), all UI elements use the default font family. When this user option is set to a non-nil value, all UI elements will inherit the face variable-pitch, thus rendering them in a proportionately spaced font.

In this context, the UI elements are:

  • header-line
  • mode-line (active and inactive)
  • tab-bar-mode
  • tab-line-mode

To get consistent typography, the user may need to edit the font family of the fixed-pitch and variable-pitch faces. The ‘fontaine’ package on GNU ELPA (by Protesilaos) can be helpful in this regard.


4.5 Option for headings

The user option ef-themes-headings provides support for individual heading styles for regular heading levels 0 through 8, as well as the Org agenda headings.

This is an alist that accepts a ‘(KEY . LIST-OF-VALUES)’ combination. The ‘KEY’ is either a number, representing the heading’s level (0 through 8) or t, which pertains to the fallback style. The named keys ‘agenda-date’ and ‘agenda-structure’ apply to the Org agenda.

Level 0 is a special heading: it is used for what counts as a document title or equivalent, such as the ‘#+title’ construct we find in Org files. Levels 1-8 are regular headings.

The ‘LIST-OF-VALUES’ covers symbols that refer to properties, as described below. Here is a complete sample with various stylistic combinations, followed by a presentation of all available properties:

(setq ef-themes-headings
      '((1 light variable-pitch 1.5)
        (2 regular 1.3)
        (3 1.1)
        (agenda-date 1.3)
        (agenda-structure variable-pitch light 1.8)
        (t variable-pitch)))

By default (a nil value for this variable), all headings have a bold typographic weight, a font family that is the same as the default face (typically monospaced), and a height that is equal to the default face’s height.

  • A variable-pitch property changes the font family of the heading to that of the variable-pitch face (normally a proportionately spaced typeface). Also check the ‘fontaine’ package (by Protesilaos) for tweaking fonts via faces.
  • The symbol of a weight attribute adjusts the font of the heading accordingly, such as light, semibold, etc. Valid symbols are defined in the variable ef-themes-weights. The absence of a weight means that bold will be used by virtue of inheriting the bold face.
  • A number, expressed as a floating point (e.g. 1.5), adjusts the height of the heading to that many times the base font size. The default height is the same as 1.0, though it need not be explicitly stated. Instead of a floating point, an acceptable value can be in the form of a cons cell like ‘(height . FLOAT)’ or ‘(height FLOAT)’, where ‘FLOAT’ is the given number.

Combinations of any of those properties are expressed as a list, like in these examples:

(semibold)
(variable-pitch semibold)
(variable-pitch semibold 1.3)
(variable-pitch semibold (height 1.3))   ; same as above
(variable-pitch semibold (height . 1.3)) ; same as above

The order in which the properties are set is not significant.

In user configuration files the form may look like this:

(setq ef-themes-headings
      '((1 light variable-pitch 1.5)
        (2 regular 1.3)
        (3 1.1)
        (t variable-pitch)))

When defining the styles per heading level, it is possible to pass a non-nil non-list value (e.g. t) instead of a list of properties. This will retain the original aesthetic for that level. For example:

(setq ef-themes-headings
      '((1 . t)           ; keep the default style
        (2 variable-pitch 1.2)
        (t variable-pitch))) ; style for all unspecified headings

(setq ef-themes-headings
      '((1 variable-pitch 1.6)
        (2 1.3)
        (t . t))) ; default style for all unspecified levels

4.6 Palette overrides

Each Ef theme specifies a color palette that declares named color values and semantic color mappings:

  • Named colors consist of a symbol and a string that specifies a hexadecimal RGB value. For example: ‘(blue-warmer "#5250ef")’.
  • The semantic color mappings associate an abstract construct with a given named color from the palette, like ‘(prose-done green-cooler)’. Both elements of the list are symbols, though the cadr (value) can be a string that specifies a color, such as ‘(prose-done "#5250ef")’.

Both of those subsets can be overridden, thus refashioning the theme. Overrides are either shared, by being stored in the user option ef-themes-common-palette-overrides, or they are specific to the theme they name. In the latter case, the naming scheme of each palette variable is ‘THEME-NAME-palette-overrides’, thus yielding:

  • ef-arbutus-palette-overrides
  • ef-autumn-palette-overrides
  • ef-bio-palette-overrides
  • ef-cherie-palette-overrides
  • ef-cyprus-palette-overrides
  • ef-dark-palette-overrides
  • ef-day-palette-overrides
  • ef-deuteranopia-dark-palette-overrides
  • ef-deuteranopia-light-palette-overrides
  • ef-dream-palette-overrides
  • ef-duo-dark-palette-overrides
  • ef-duo-light-palette-overrides
  • ef-eagle-palette-overrides
  • ef-elea-dark-palette-overrides
  • ef-elea-light-palette-overrides
  • ef-frost-palette-overrides
  • ef-kassio-palette-overrides
  • ef-light-palette-overrides
  • ef-maris-dark-palette-overrides
  • ef-maris-light-palette-overrides
  • ef-melissa-dark-palette-overrides
  • ef-melissa-light-palette-overrides
  • ef-night-palette-overrides
  • ef-owl-palette-overrides
  • ef-reverie-palette-overrides
  • ef-rosa-palette-overrides
  • ef-spring-palette-overrides
  • ef-summer-palette-overrides
  • ef-symbiosis-palette-overrides
  • ef-trio-dark-palette-overrides
  • ef-trio-light-palette-overrides
  • ef-tritanopia-dark-palette-overrides
  • ef-tritanopia-light-palette-overrides
  • ef-winter-palette-overrides

Theme-specific overrides take precedence over the shared ones. It is strongly advised that shared overrides do NOT alter color values, as those will not be appropriate for both dark and light themes. Common overrides are best limited to the semantic color mappings as those use the color value that corresponds to the active theme (e.g. make the cursor ‘blue-warmer’ in all themes, whatever the value of ‘blue-warmer’ is in each theme).

The value of any overrides’ variable must mirror a theme’s palette. Palette variables are named after their theme as ‘THEME-NAME-palette’. For example, the ef-summer-palette is like this:

(defconst ef-summer-palette
  '(
;;; Basic values

    (bg-main     "#fff2f3")
    (fg-main     "#4f4073")
    (bg-dim      "#f2e4ea")
    (fg-dim      "#786e74")
    (bg-alt      "#efd3e4")
    (fg-alt      "#af4988")

    (bg-active   "#cfb3c4")
    (bg-inactive "#f7ebee")

;;; Basic hues for foreground values

    (red             "#d3303a")
    (red-warmer      "#e00033")
    (red-cooler      "#d50f7f")
    (red-faint       "#c24552")

    ;; ...

    (blue            "#375ce6")
    (blue-warmer     "#5250ef")
    (blue-cooler     "#065fff")
    (blue-faint      "#6060d0")

    ;; ...

;;; Mappings

    ;; ...

;;;; Code mappings

    (builtin magenta)
    (comment yellow-faint)
    (constant red-cooler)
    (fnname magenta-warmer)
    (keyword magenta-cooler)
    (preprocessor green-warmer)
    (docstring cyan-faint)
    (string yellow-warmer)
    (type cyan-warmer)
    (variable blue-warmer)

    ;; ...
    ))

The ef-summer-palette-overrides targets the entries that need to be changed. For example, to make the cursor orange, use a shade of red for comments, and apply a cyan hue to keywords:

(setq ef-summer-palette-overrides
      '((cursor "#ef9050")
        (comment red-faint)
        (keyword cyan-cooler)))

Changes take effect upon theme reload. Overrides are removed by setting their variable to a nil value.

The common accented foregrounds in each palette follow a predictable naming scheme: ‘HUE{,-warmer,-cooler,-faint,-intense}’. ‘HUE’ is one of the six basic colors: red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, cyan.

Named colors that are meant to be used as backgrounds contain ‘bg’ in their name, such as ‘bg-red-intense’. While special purpose foregrounds that are meant to be combined with such backgrounds, contain ‘fg’ in their name, such as ‘fg-removed’ which complements ‘bg-removed’.

Named colors can be previewed with the ef-themes-preview-colors command. Changes to color values are reflected in the preview of the theme’s palette (Preview theme colors). They are shown at the top of the buffer. In the above example, the first instance of ‘blue-warmer’ is the override and the second is the original one.


4.7 Stylistic variants using palette overrides

This section contains practical examples of overriding the palette of the themes (Palette overrides). Users can copy the code to their init file, evaluate it, and then re-load the theme for changes to take effect. To apply overrides at startup simply define them before the call that loads the theme.


4.7.1 Make the region more intense

This is one of our practical examples to override the semantic colors of the Ef themes (Stylistic variants using palette overrides). Here we show how to make the region override the underlying text colors(i.e. to be more legible) and how to make the background more intense.

Do not extend the region background.

;; These overrides are common to all Ef themes.  We also provide
;; theme-specific options, such as `ef-summer-palette-overrides'.
;;
;; In general, the theme-specific overrides are better for overriding
;; color values, such as redefining what `blue-faint' looks like.  The
;; common overrides are best used for changes to semantic color
;; mappings, as we show below.
;;
;; Use the command `ef-themes-preview-colors' or its variant
;; `ef-themes-preview-colors-current' to review the available palette
;; entries.


;; Use an intense background combined with the theme's intense
;; foreground.
(setq ef-themes-common-palette-overrides
      '((bg-region bg-magenta-intense)
        (fg-region fg-intense)))

;; Same idea as above, but less pronounced.
(setq ef-themes-common-palette-overrides
      '((bg-region bg-magenta-subtle)
        (fg-region fg-main)))

5 Loading a theme

Emacs can load and maintain enabled multiple themes at once. This typically leads to awkward styling and weird combinations. The theme looks broken and the designer’s intent is misunderstood. Before loading one of the ef-themes, the user is encouraged to disable all others (Disable other themes):

(mapc #'disable-theme custom-enabled-themes)

Then load the theme of choice. For example:

(load-theme 'ef-summer :no-confirm)

The ‘:no-confirm’ is optional. It simply skips the step where Emacs asks the user whether they are sure about loading the theme.

Consider adding code like the above to the user configuration file, such as ‘init.el’.

NOTE: If you plan on using the ef-themes-post-load-hook, the above method will not work. Instead, you need to load the theme from your init file with ef-themes-select (Commands to load an Ef theme). For example:

;; like `load-theme' but also call `ef-themes-post-load-hook'
(ef-themes-select 'ef-summer)

6 Commands to load an Ef theme

The commands mentioned herein call ef-themes-post-load-hook at the end. This is for advanced users who want to trigger some code after an Ef theme is loaded (Use colors from the active Ef theme). The same goes for ef-themes-toggle (Toggle between two Ef themes).

A theme-agnostic hook for theme loading.

The themes can also be loaded interactively. The command ef-themes-select (call it with ‘M-x’) prompts with minibuffer completion for a theme among the collection of items we provide. It then loads the selected theme. Internally, ef-themes-select takes care to disable any other Ef theme, though it does not disable other themes. This is by design to let users maintain theme blending when they want it. Otherwise, the user is encouraged to disable all other themes and stick with the Ef themes:

(mapc #'disable-theme custom-enabled-themes)

The ef-themes-select command can also be called from the user’s init file to load the theme of their choice (Loading a theme). For example:

;; like `load-theme' but also call `ef-themes-post-load-hook'
(ef-themes-select 'ef-summer)

When ef-themes-select is called with a prefix argument (‘C-u’ by default), it first produces a minibuffer prompt to limit the choice to dark or light themes, and then shows only the relevant subset.

Instead of calling ef-themese-select with a prefix argument, users can invoke either of ef-themes-select-dark, ef-themes-select-light commands. Those behave the same as ef-themes-select except they limit the interaction to dark or light Ef themes, respectively.

The command ef-themes-load-random is for those who appreciate a bit of serendipity in their life. When call interactively with ‘M-x’ it loads a random theme from the Ef themes collection. The selection excludes the current Ef theme. Calling ef-themes-load-random with a prefix argument (‘C-u’ by default) makes the command limit the random selection to either light or dark themes. The user is prompted at the minibuffer to pick among the two sets.

The ef-themes-load-random can also be called from Lisp (e.g. from the ‘init.el’ file):

(ef-themes-load-random)

This has the effect of loading an Ef theme at random, as described above. It is also possible to limit the set with either of those:

;; Load a light Ef theme at random
(ef-themes-load-random 'light)

;; Load a dark Ef theme at random
(ef-themes-load-random 'dark)

The author of the Ef themes likes to check with their operating system to determine if the desktop environment outside of Emacs is using a light/dark theme and then loads an appropriate Ef theme at random:

;; Check GNOME's gsettings database for the dark theme preference.  If
;; it is enabled, we want to load a dark Ef theme at random.  Otherwise
;; we load a random light theme.
(if (string-match-p
     "dark"
     (shell-command-to-string "gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.interface color-scheme"))
    (ef-themes-load-random 'dark)
  (ef-themes-load-random 'light))

7 Preview theme colors

The command ef-themes-preview-colors uses minibuffer completion to select an item from the Ef themes and then produces a buffer with previews of its color palette entries. The buffer has a naming scheme which reflects the given choice, like ‘ef-summer-preview-colors’ for the ef-summer theme.

The command ef-themes-preview-colors-current skips the minibuffer selection process and just produces a preview for the current Ef theme.

When called with a prefix argument (‘C-u’ with the default key bindings), these commands will show a preview of the palette’s semantic color mappings instead of the named colors.

Aliases for those commands are ef-themes-list-colors and ef-themes-list-colors-current.

Overrides to color values are reflected in the buffers produced by the aforementioned commands (Palette overrides).

Each row shows a foreground and background coloration using the underlying value it references. For example a line with ‘#d3303a’ (a shade of red) will show red text followed by a stripe with that same color as a backdrop.

The name of the buffer describes the given Ef theme and what the contents are, such as ‘*ef-summer-list-colors*’ for named colors and ‘*ef-summer-list-mappings*’ for the semantic color mappings.


8 Use colors from the active Ef theme

Advanced users may want to call color variables from the palette of the active Ef theme. The macro ef-themes-with-colors supplies those to any form called inside of it. For example:

(ef-themes-with-colors
  (list bg-main fg-main bg-mode-line cursor))
;; => ("#fff2f3" "#5f456f" "#ffa4dc" "#cf0090")

The above return value is for ‘ef-summer’ when that is the active Ef theme. Switching to another theme and evaluating this code anew will give us the relevant results for that theme. The same with ‘ef-winter’:

(ef-themes-with-colors
  (list bg-main fg-main bg-mode-line cursor))
;; => ("#0f0b15" "#b8c6d5" "#5f1f5f" "#ff6ff0")

Do-It-Yourself customizations.

The palette of each Ef theme is considered stable. No removals shall be made. Though please note that some tweaks to individual hues or color mapping are still possible. At any rate, we will not outright break any code that uses ef-themes-with-colors.


9 Do-It-Yourself customizations

This section documents how the user can further tweak the Ef themes to their liking.


9.1 Get a single color from the palette

The general approach to advanced DIY changes.

The fuction ef-themes-get-color-value can be called from Lisp to return the value of a color from the active Ef theme palette. It takea a ‘COLOR’ argument and an optional ‘OVERRIDES’.

COLOR’ is a symbol that represents a named color entry in the palette.

Preview theme colors.

If the value is the name of another color entry in the palette (so a mapping), this function recurs until it finds the underlying color value.

With an optional ‘OVERRIDES’ argument as a non-nil value, it accounts for palette overrides. Else it reads only the default palette.

Palette overrides.

With optional ‘THEME’ as a symbol among ef-themes-collection, use the palette of that item. Else use the current Ef theme.

If ‘COLOR’ is not present in the palette, this function returns the ‘unspecified’ symbol, which is safe when used as a face attribute’s value.

An example with ef-summer to show how this function behaves with/without overrides and when recursive mappings are introduced.

;; Here we show the recursion of palette mappings.  In general, it is
;; better for the user to specify named colors to avoid possible
;; confusion with their configuration, though those still work as
;; expected.
(setq ef-themes-common-palette-overrides
      '((cursor red)
        (prompt cursor)
        (variable prompt)))

;; Ignore the overrides and get the original value.
(ef-themes-get-color-value 'variable)
;; => "#5250ef"

;; Read from the overrides and deal with any recursion to find the
;; underlying value.
(ef-themes-get-color-value 'variable :overrides)
;; => "#d3303a"

9.2 The general approach to advanced DIY changes

When the user wants to customize Emacs faces there are two considerations they need to make if they care about robustness:

  1. Do not hardcode color values, but instead use the relevant variables from the Ef themes.
  2. Make the changes persist through theme changes between the Ef themes collection.

For point 1 we provide the ef-themes-with-colors macro, while for point 2 we have the ef-themes-post-load-hook.

Use colors from the active Ef theme.

Commands to load an Ef theme.

A theme-agnostic hook for theme loading.

We need to wrap our code in the ef-themes-with-colors and declare it as a function which we then add to the hook. Here we show the general approach of putting those pieces together.

To customize faces in a way that mirrors the Ef themes’ source code, we use the built-in custom-set-faces. The value it accepts has the same syntax as that found in ‘ef-themes.el’, specifically the ef-themes-faces constant. It thus is easy to copy lines from there and tweak them. Let’s pick a couple of font-lock faces (used in all programming modes, among others):

(defun my-ef-themes-custom-faces ()
  "My customizations on top of the Ef themes.
This function is added to the `ef-themes-post-load-hook'."
  (ef-themes-with-colors
    (custom-set-faces
     ;; These are the default specifications
     `(font-lock-comment-face ((,c :inherit italic :foreground ,comment)))
     `(font-lock-variable-name-face ((,c :foreground ,variable))))))

;; Using the hook lets our changes persist when we use the commands
;; `ef-themes-toggle', `ef-themes-select', and `ef-themes-load-random'.
(add-hook 'ef-themes-post-load-hook #'my-ef-themes-custom-faces)

Each item in the Ef themes collection has its own color mapping. So the color value of the ‘comment’ variable will differ from theme to theme. For the purpose of our demonstration, we make variables look like comments and comments like variables:

(defun my-ef-themes-custom-faces ()
  "My customizations on top of the Ef themes.
This function is added to the `ef-themes-post-load-hook'."
  (ef-themes-with-colors
    (custom-set-faces
     `(font-lock-comment-face ((,c :foreground ,variable)))
     `(font-lock-variable-name-face ((,c :inherit italic :foreground ,comment))))))

;; Using the hook lets our changes persist when we use the commands
;; `ef-themes-toggle', `ef-themes-select', and `ef-themes-load-random'.
(add-hook 'ef-themes-post-load-hook #'my-ef-themes-custom-faces)

All changes take effect when a theme is loaded again. As such, it is better to use ef-themes-select at startup so that the function added to the hook gets applied properly upon first load. Like this:

(defun my-ef-themes-custom-faces ()
  "My customizations on top of the Ef themes.
This function is added to the `ef-themes-post-load-hook'."
  (ef-themes-with-colors
    (custom-set-faces
     `(font-lock-comment-face ((,c :foreground ,variable)))
     `(font-lock-variable-name-face ((,c :inherit italic :foreground ,comment))))))

;; Using the hook lets our changes persist when we use the commands
;; `ef-themes-toggle', `ef-themes-select', and `ef-themes-load-random'.
(add-hook 'ef-themes-post-load-hook #'my-ef-themes-custom-faces)

;; Load the theme and run `ef-themes-post-load-hook'
(ef-themes-select 'ef-summer) ; Instead of (load-theme 'ef-summer :no-confirm)

Please contact us if you have specific questions about this mechanism. We are willing to help and shall provide comprehensive documentation where necessary.


9.3 A theme-agnostic hook for theme loading

The themes are designed with the intent to be useful to Emacs users of varying skill levels, from beginners to experts. This means that we try to make things easier by not expecting anyone reading this document to be proficient in Emacs Lisp or programming in general.

Such a case is with the use of the ef-themes-post-load-hook, which is called after the evaluation of any of the commands we provide for loading a theme (Commands to load an Ef theme). We recommend using that hook for advanced customizations, because (1) we know for sure that it is available once the themes are loaded, and (2) anyone consulting this manual, especially the sections on enabling and loading the themes, will be in a good position to benefit from that hook.

Advanced users who have a need to switch between the Ef themes and other items (e.g. my modus-themes) will find that such a hook does not meet their requirements: it only works with the Ef themes and only with the aforementioned functions.

A theme-agnostic setup can be configured thus:

(defvar after-enable-theme-hook nil
   "Normal hook run after enabling a theme.")

(defun run-after-enable-theme-hook (&rest _args)
   "Run `after-enable-theme-hook'."
   (run-hooks 'after-enable-theme-hook))

(advice-add 'enable-theme :after #'run-after-enable-theme-hook)

This creates the after-enable-theme-hook and makes it run after each call to enable-theme, which means that it will work for all themes and also has the benefit that it does not depend on functions such as ef-themes-select and the others mentioned in this manual. The function enable-theme is called internally by load-theme, so the hook works everywhere.

The downside of the theme-agnostic hook is that any functions added to it will likely not be able to benefit from macro calls that read the active theme, such as ef-themes-with-colors (the Modus themes have an equivalent macro). Not all Emacs themes have the same capabilities.

In this document, we always mention ef-themes-post-load-hook though the user can replace it with after-enable-theme-hook should they need to (provided they understand the implications).


9.4 Do not extend the region background

By the default, the background of the region face extends from the end of the line to the edge of the window. To limit it to the end of the line, we need to override the face’s ‘:extend’ attribute. Adding this to the Emacs configuration file will suffice:

;; Do not extend `region' background past the end of the line.
(custom-set-faces
 '(region ((t :extend nil))))

Make the region more intense.


9.5 Add support for hl-todo

The ‘hl-todo’ package provides the user option hl-todo-keyword-faces: it specifies an association list of ‘(KEYWORD . COLOR-VALUE)’ pairs. There are no faces, which the theme could style seamlessly. As such, it rests on the user to specify appropriate color values. This can be done either by hardcoding colors, which is inefficient, or by using the macro ef-themes-with-colors (The general approach to DIY changes). Here we show the latter method.

(defun my-ef-themes-hl-todo-faces ()
  "Configure `hl-todo-keyword-faces' with Ef themes colors.
The exact color values are taken from the active Ef theme."
  (ef-themes-with-colors
    (setq hl-todo-keyword-faces
          `(("HOLD" . ,yellow)
            ("TODO" . ,red)
            ("NEXT" . ,blue)
            ("THEM" . ,magenta)
            ("PROG" . ,cyan-warmer)
            ("OKAY" . ,green-warmer)
            ("DONT" . ,yellow-warmer)
            ("FAIL" . ,red-warmer)
            ("BUG" . ,red-warmer)
            ("DONE" . ,green)
            ("NOTE" . ,blue-warmer)
            ("KLUDGE" . ,cyan)
            ("HACK" . ,cyan)
            ("TEMP" . ,red)
            ("FIXME" . ,red-warmer)
            ("XXX+" . ,red-warmer)
            ("REVIEW" . ,red)
            ("DEPRECATED" . ,yellow)))))

(add-hook 'ef-themes-post-load-hook #'my-ef-themes-hl-todo-faces)

To find the names of the color variables, the user can rely on the commands for previewing the palette (Preview theme colors).


9.6 Make the mode line like the modus-themes default

The Ef themes do not use a ‘:box’ attribute for their mode lines, while the active one has an accented background. Users may prefer the approach that my modus-themes follow by default, where both active and inactive mode lines use shades of gray and have a border around them.

Try something like this, using the approach we have already explained about ef-themes-with-colors (The general approach to DIY changes):

(defun my-ef-themes-mode-line ()
  "Tweak the style of the mode lines."
  (ef-themes-with-colors
    (custom-set-faces
     `(mode-line ((,c :background ,bg-active :foreground ,fg-main :box (:line-width 1 :color ,fg-dim))))
     `(mode-line-inactive ((,c :box (:line-width 1 :color ,bg-active)))))))

(add-hook 'ef-themes-post-load-hook #'my-ef-themes-mode-line)

If you want the active mode line to retain its accented background but also have a border around it, change this line from the above snippet:

(mode-line ((,c :background ,bg-active :foreground ,fg-main :box (:line-width 1 :color ,fg-dim))))

To this:

`(mode-line ((,c :background ,bg-mode-line :foreground ,fg-mode-line :box (:line-width 1 :color ,fg-dim))))

9.7 Configure bold and italic faces

The Ef themes do not hardcode a :weight or :slant attribute in the faces they cover. Instead, they configure the generic faces called bold and italic to use the appropriate styles and then instruct all relevant faces that require emphasis to inherit from them.

This practically means that users can change the particularities of what it means for a construct to be bold/italic, by tweaking the bold and italic faces. Cases where that can be useful include:

  • The default typeface does not have a variant with slanted glyphs (e.g. Fira Mono/Code as of this writing on 2022-08-23), so the user wants to add another family for the italics, such as Hack.
  • The typeface of choice provides a multitude of weights and the user prefers the light one by default. To prevent the bold weight from being too heavy compared to the light one, they opt to make bold use a semibold weight.
  • The typeface distinguishes between oblique and italic forms by providing different font variants (the former are just slanted versions of the upright forms, while the latter have distinguishing features as well). In this case, the user wants to specify the font that applies to the italic face.

To achieve those effects, one must first be sure that the fonts they use have support for those features.

In this example, we set the default font family to Fira Code, while we choose to render italics in the Hack typeface (obviously one needs to pick fonts that work in tandem):

(set-face-attribute 'default nil :family "Fira Code" :height 110)
(set-face-attribute 'italic nil :family "Hack")

And here we play with different weights, using Source Code Pro:

(set-face-attribute 'default nil :family "Source Code Pro" :height 110 :weight 'light)
(set-face-attribute 'bold nil :weight 'semibold)

To reset the font family, one can use this:

(set-face-attribute 'italic nil :family 'unspecified)

Consider the ‘fontaine’ package on GNU ELPA (by Protesilaos) which provides the means to configure font families via faces.


9.8 Tweak ‘org-modern’ timestamps

The ‘org-modern’ package uses faces and text properties to make Org buffers more aesthetically pleasing. It affects tables, timestamps, lists, headings, and more.

In previous versions of the Ef themes, we mistakenly affected one of its faces: the org-modern-label. It changed the intended looks and prevented the user option org-modern-label-border from having its desired effect. As such, we no longer override that face.

Users who were used to the previous design and who generally do not configure the user options of ‘org-modern’ may thus notice a change in how clocktables (or generally tables with timestamps) are aligned. The simplest solution is to instruct the mode to not prettify timestamps, by setting the user option org-modern-timestamp to nil. For example, by adding this to the init file:

(setq org-modern-timestamp nil)

Alignment in tables will also depend on the use of proportionately spaced fonts. Enable the relevant option to work with those without any further trouble (Enable mixed fonts).

For any further issues, you are welcome to ask for help.


9.9 Tweak goto-address-mode faces

The built-in goto-address-mode uses heuristics to identify URLs and email addresses in the current buffer. It then applies a face to them to change their style. Some packages, such as ‘notmuch’, use this minor-mode automatically.

The faces are not declared with defface, meaning that it is better that the theme does not modify them. The user is thus encouraged to consider including this in their setup:

(setq goto-address-url-face 'link
      goto-address-url-mouse-face 'highlight
      goto-address-mail-face 'link
      goto-address-mail-mouse-face 'highlight)

My personal preference is to set goto-address-mail-face to nil, because it otherwise adds too much visual noise to the buffer (email addresses stand out more, due to the use of the uncommon ‘@’ caharacter but also because they are often enclosed in angled brackets).


10 Faces defined by the Ef themes

The themes define some faces to make it possible to achieve consistency between various groups of faces. For example, all “marks for selection” use the ef-themes-mark-select face. If, say, the user wants to edit this face to include an underline, the change will apply to lots of packages, like Dired, Trashed, Ibuffer.

Do-It-Yourself customizations.

All the faces defined by the themes:


11 Supported packages or face groups

The ef-themes will only ever support a curated list of packages based on my judgement (Packages that are hard to support). Nevertheless, the list of explicitly or implicitly supported packages already covers everything most users need.


11.1 Explicitly supported packages or face groups

  • ace-window
  • all basic faces
  • all-the-icons
  • all-the-icons-dired
  • all-the-icons-ibuffer
  • ansi-color
  • auctex
  • auto-dim-other-buffers
  • avy
  • breadcrumb
  • bongo
  • bookmark
  • calendar and diary
  • cider
  • centaur-tabs
  • change-log and log-view (part of VC)
  • chart
  • clojure-mode
  • company
  • compilation
  • completions
  • consult
  • corfu
  • corfu-candidate-overlay
  • csv-mode
  • custom (‘M-x customize’)
  • dashboard
  • denote
  • dictionary
  • diff-hl
  • diff-mode
  • dired
  • dired-subtree
  • diredfl
  • dirvish
  • display-fill-column-indicator-mode
  • doom-modeline
  • ediff
  • eglot
  • eldoc
  • elfeed
  • embark
  • epa
  • erc
  • ert
  • eshell
  • evil
  • eww
  • flycheck
  • flymake
  • flyspell
  • font-lock
  • git-commit
  • git-gutter
  • git-gutter-fr
  • git-rebase
  • gnus
  • hi-lock (‘M-x highlight-regexp’)
  • highlight-indentation
  • ibuffer
  • image-dired
  • imenu-list
  • info
  • isearch, occur, query-replace
  • jit-spell
  • jinx
  • keycast
  • lin
  • line numbers (display-line-numbers-mode and global variant)
  • magit
  • man
  • marginalia
  • markdown-mode
  • mct
  • messages
  • mode-line
  • mood-line
  • mu4e
  • nerd-icons
  • nerd-icons-completion
  • nerd-icons-dired
  • nerd-icons-ibuffer
  • neotree
  • notmuch
  • olivetti
  • orderless
  • org
  • org-habit
  • org-modern
  • outline-mode
  • outline-minor-faces
  • package (‘M-x list-packages’)
  • pdf-tools
  • perspective
  • proced
  • powerline
  • pulsar
  • pulse
  • rainbow-delimiters
  • rcirc
  • recursion-indicator
  • regexp-builder (re-builder)
  • rst-mode
  • ruler-mode
  • shell-script-mode (sh-mode)
  • shortdoc
  • show-paren-mode
  • shr
  • smerge
  • tab-bar-mode
  • tab-line-mode
  • tempel
  • term
  • textsec
  • transient
  • trashed
  • tree-sitter
  • tty-menu
  • vc (‘vc-dir.el’, ‘vc-hooks.el’)
  • vertico
  • vterm
  • vundo
  • wgrep
  • which-function-mode
  • which-key
  • whitespace-mode
  • widget
  • window-divider-mode
  • writegood-mode
  • woman
  • ztree

11.2 Implicitly supported packages or face groups

Those are known to work with the Ef themes either because their colors are appropriate or because they inherit from basic faces which the themes already cover:

  • apropos
  • dim-autoload
  • forge
  • hl-todo
  • icomplete
  • ido
  • mct
  • multiple-cursors
  • paren-face
  • sxhkdrc-mode
  • xref

Note that “implicitly supported” does not mean that they always fit in perfectly. If there are refinements we need to made, then we need to intervene (Explicitly supported packages or face groups).


11.3 Packages that are hard to support

These are difficult to support due to their (i) incompatibility with the design of the ef-themes, (ii) complexity or multiple points of entry, (iii) external dependencies, (iv) existence of better alternatives in my opinion, or (v) inconsiderate use of color out-of-the-box and implicit unwillingness to be good Emacs citizens:

avy

its UI is prone to visual breakage and is hard to style correctly.

calibredb

has an external dependency that I don’t use.

ctrlf

use the built-in isearch or the consult-line command of ‘consult’.

dired+

it is complex and makes inconsiderate use of color.

ein (Emacs IPython Notebook)

external dependency that I don’t use.

ement.el

has an external dependency that I don’t use.

helm

it is complex and makes inconsiderate use of color. Prefer the ‘vertico’, ‘consult’, and ‘embark’ packages.

info+

it is complex and makes inconsiderate use of color.

ivy/counsel/swiper

use the ‘vertico’, ‘consult’, and ‘embark’ packages which are designed to be compatible with standard Emacs mechanisms and are modular.

lsp-mode

has external dependencies that I don’t use.

solaire

in principle, it is incompatible with practically every theme that is not designed around it. Emacs does not distinguish between “UI” and “syntax” buffers.

sx

has an external dependency that I don’t use.

telega

has an external dependency that I don’t use (I don’t even have a smartphone).

treemacs

it has too many dependencies and does too many things.

web-mode

I don’t use all those Web technologies and cannot test this properly without support from an expert. It also defines lots of faces that hardcode color values for no good reason.

The above list is non-exhaustive though you get the idea.


12 Principles


Up: Principles   [Index]

12.1 Minimal VS maximal scope

The ef-themes are meant to be minimal in scope, as opposed to my modus-themes whose accessibility requirements make them maximalist by necessity. The modus-themes are such because:

  1. Accessibility is not a one-size-fits-all. Customisation options are necessary to empower users.
  2. Accessibility is as good as its weakest link. If the user spends all day using FOO package, it needs to be perfectly legible, otherwise the whole theme fails to deliver on its promise.

The ef-themes can afford to be more minimal because they do not have such a lofty accessibility target.


13 FAQ


13.1 What does Ef mean?

“Ef” is a Greek word (ευ), commonly used as a prefix to denote something good, nice, and/or easy. For example, eftopia (ευτοπία) is the opposite of dystopia (δυστοπία): a good place as opposed to a bad place.


13.2 Will you stop using the modus-themes?

No. For my workflow, accessibility is the most important quality. The modus-themes will remain my default choice.


13.3 Then why develop the ef-themes?

Because I think that users deserve “pretty” themes that (i) do make some considerations for legibility, and (ii) are not designed on a whimsy.

The ef-themes are my answer to those who (i) like my modus-themes, (ii) want something with a bit more flair, and (iii) are fine with a bit more relaxed accessibility target.


13.4 Difference between ef-themes and modus-themes?

The main difference between the two projects is that the modus-themes are much more strict with maintaining the highest standard for contrast (I won’t delve into the technicalities, though the manual of the modus-themes does elaborate on the minutiae). Whereas the ef-themes do not have such a commitment: they are legible, but might go a bit below the desired target in certain cases.

For the user who has already narrowed their search to the Modus and Ef themes, the criterion should be the eye test. If any of those items looks good/usable, then that is what matters. A bit of experimentation provides greater insight than tomes on theoretical nuances—no value in overthinking it.

Between the ef-themes and the modus-themes, I provide a broad range of options for users who need varying degrees of legibility. The modus-themes are the ones with the highest contrast.

I have always maintained the view that (i) there is no such thing as a one-size-fits-all for accessibility due to innate differences in color perception between individuals as well as hardware capabilities, and (ii) no theme can handle accessibility on its own, as one needs to consider typography as well as environmental factors.

[ For my preferred typography, check Iosevka Comfy: https://protesilaos.com/emacs/iosevka-comfy-pictures. ]

Technically, the very high contrast of the modus-themes demands that they are not—and can never be—as colorful as the ef-themes. Their colors are less saturated. In terms of presentation, this means that the modus-themes may appear more minimalist (or “clean”) once one gets used to their level of contrast. In general: do not trust initial impressions and give the themes a fair chance (if one is used to low contrast settings, the modus-themes feel hard to get used to, though this is natural as the eye adapts accordingly).

The ef-themes are more colorful, which can make them more/less pleasant to work with, depending on one’s subjectivity. Within the ef-themes, there is considerable diversity, as each of the 20 items has its own character, expressed as a unique color palette and color mapping. No two themes are alike. For example, for light themes ef-summer gives the user a completely different vibe than ef-frost, while for dark themes ef-bio and ef-cherie each have their unique charm.

I cannot possibly say which the “best” is. This is a subjective evaluation. For me personally, both projects are technically excellent in terms of conforming with their stated ends. Aesthetically, I like them all, which is why I develop/maintain them. I am not prioritising one over the others.

Note that I am emphasising legibility, though this should not discount the meticulous work that goes into thematic consistency. I do not write about this topic because it does not really matter to the average user. Consistency is not something that should actively be calling for one’s attention, though it is “there” for those who wish to pay attention. In short: I am not picking random colors and implementing them on a whimsy. Theme development is not easy.


13.5 Too many options, what should I do?

Take a deep breath, drink some water, get some fresh air, and take it one step at a time. You don’t have to try all the themes outright. For a light theme, go with ‘ef-light’; for a dark one use ‘ef-dark’. They have generic names exactly for this reason. Then make the necessary tweaks to toggle between those two and don’t worry anymore about the abundance of choice (Toggle between two Ef themes). Good luck!


13.6 Let Org tags inherit the heading color?

Upstream Org defines tags in headings to have the same color as the rest of the heading’s text. However, tags are a distinct component of the heading as noted in the doc string of the org-get-heading function. Tags also are functionally different than the ordinary text of the heading: they are a clickable link/button. It thus is a matter of usability to render this distinction clear at the visual level: I do not agree with upstream Org’s design decision.

Normally, we would style a link to have an underline. However, this design does not look right in headings (as it doesn’t look right in, e.g., the headings in a listing of emails or the unread items in the Elfeed list of entries). We thus have to go with the next option, which is to use a distinct foreground color that differentiates the tag from its context, while accounting for theme-wide usability and consistency.

The overarching principle is that when two things function differently, they have to look apart even if the difference is small.

The assumption that tags are right-aligned (per Org’s default behaviour) does not hold, as there exists a user option to disable this effect: org-auto-align-tags. The author of the ef-themes uses this option because the way Org performs this alignment using literal spaces does not work properly with (i) proportionately spaced fonts, (ii) varying heading heights, (iii) different levels of indentation. Realigning tags by inserting spaces also creates noise in version-controlled files, which is undesirable.


13.7 Add something like Nord or Zenburn?

In general, I am not against the idea of drawing inspiration from other themes. Note though that every item in the ef-themes collection is designed from scratch to work in accordance with the principles of this project (Principles).

Each palette is an original implementation. The six basic hues of red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, cyan are implemented as quartets of a base, warmer, cooler, and faint variants.

All themes have their own color mapping, which is conducted in accordance with the exact values of the aforementioned hues and their innate relations.

Copying another project’s palette is generally not possible or not desirable, not even if that is my modus-themes (they, too, have a different set of requirements).

Furthermore, trying to mimic another theme generally is an exercise with prior constraints, as we are always labouring under the expectation of remaining faithful to the original. This can lead to awkward compromises and sub-optimal choices, which make no sense for a project with opinionanted design principles.


14 Acknowledgements

This project is meant to be a collective effort. Every bit of help matters.

Author/maintainer

Protesilaos Stavrou.

Contributions to code or the manual

Alex Lu, Christopher League, Eshel Yaron, Gautier Ponsinet, Oleksii (Alex) Koval, Philip Kaludercic, Ryan Kaskel, Walheimat.

Ideas and/or user feedback

Adam Porter (alphapapa), Alan Schmitt, Amo DelBello, Anthony Chavez, Benjamin (zealotrush), Bruno Boal, Daniel Mendler, Federico Stilman, Filippo Argiolas, Iris Garcia, Jean-Philippe Gagné Guay, Jonas Collberg, Saša Janiška, Spike-Leung, Steve Molitor, Summer Emacs, Sven Seebeck, Thanos Apollo, Zoltán Király, goldfita, marasenna, newhallroad.


15 GNU Free Documentation License

Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
https://fsf.org/

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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    If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.

    It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

  5. MODIFICATIONS

    You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:

    1. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
    2. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement.
    3. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the publisher.
    4. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
    5. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices.
    6. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
    7. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s license notice.
    8. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
    9. Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled “History” in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
    10. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the “History” section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
    11. For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”, Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
    12. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
    13. Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.
    14. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled “Endorsements” or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
    15. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.

    If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.

    You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.

    You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

    The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

  6. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

    You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.

    The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

    In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled “History” in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled “History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You must delete all sections Entitled “Endorsements.”

  7. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

    You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

    You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.

  8. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

    A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

    If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.

  9. TRANSLATION

    Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.

    If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.

  10. TERMINATION

    You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.

    However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.

    Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.

    Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not give you any rights to use it.

  11. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

    The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

    Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.

  12. RELICENSING

    “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC Site”) means any World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration” (or “MMC”) contained in the site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.

    “CC-BY-SA” means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license published by that same organization.

    “Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in part, as part of another Document.

    An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” if it is licensed under this License, and if all works that were first published under this License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.

    The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.

ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page:

  Copyright (C)  year  your name.
  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
  under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
  or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
  with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
  Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
  Free Documentation License''.

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the “with…Texts.” line with this:

    with the Invariant Sections being list their titles, with
    the Front-Cover Texts being list, and with the Back-Cover Texts
    being list.

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.


16 Indices


Next: , Previous: , Up: Indices   [Index]

16.2 Variable index

Jump to:   E  
Index Entry  Section

E
ef-arbutus-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-autumn-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-bio-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-cherie-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-cyprus-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-dark-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-day-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-deuteranopia-dark-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-deuteranopia-light-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-dream-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-duo-dark-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-duo-light-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-eagle-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-elea-dark-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-elea-light-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-frost-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-kassio-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-light-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-maris-dark-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-maris-light-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-melissa-dark-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-melissa-light-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-night-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-owl-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-reverie-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-rosa-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-spring-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-summer-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-symbiosis-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-themes-common-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-themes-disable-other-themes: Disable other themes
ef-themes-headings: Option for headings
ef-themes-mixed-fonts: Enable mixed fonts
ef-themes-post-load-hook: Commands to load an Ef theme
ef-themes-to-toggle: Toggle between two Ef themes
ef-themes-variable-pitch-ui: UI typeface
ef-trio-dark-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-trio-light-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-tritanopia-dark-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-tritanopia-light-palette-overrides: Palette overrides
ef-winter-palette-overrides: Palette overrides

Jump to:   E  

Previous: , Up: Indices   [Index]

16.3 Concept index

Jump to:   B   C   I   O  
Index Entry  Section

B
Bold and italic fonts: Configure bold and italic faces

C
Contributors: Acknowledgements

I
Installation instructions: Installation

O
Override color values and semantic color mappings: Palette overrides

Jump to:   B   C   I   O